The cultural impact of computer recording on popular music Essay

The cultural impact of computer recording on popular music - Essay Example ement of old analogue machines used in music recording by computers should be considered as unavoidable since computers ‘are able both to store and reproduce sound much more accurately than the old analogue machines’ (Dawe 2004, 125). Another important aspect of the introduction of computers in music recording is highlighted in the study of Dawe (2004); in accordance with the above researcher, the use of computers in music recording allowed the increase of production of music (Dawe 2004, 19) – reference is made specifically to the pop music which has been mostly benefited by the involvement of computers in the specific field. In any case, the introduction of computerized systems in music recording increased the potentials of music producers for the production of high quality music – referring to the advanced features available to the music producers compared to the past where the time required for the recording of a music piece could be significant mostly b ecause of the limited technical potentials of the analogue systems – which were used in music recording up to the introduction of the computer systems in the particular field (Baldauf et al 2008, 319). The above fact is also highlighted in the study of Gordon (2005) who noted that the production of music of improved quality – referring to the aesthetic aspect of each music piece, is another benefit of the use of computerized systems in music recording (Gordon 2005, 184). Moreover, it is noted that the introduction of advanced computerized systems in the music recording supported the development of certain brands – mostly those related to the clothing/ accessories of pop music; the volume of pop music produced was increased and its expansion globally made easy; industries which were depended on the pop... This "The cultural impact of computer recording on pop music" essay outlines that the involvement of computer in the production and the process of pop music changed it. Important aspect is highlighted in the study of Dawe (2004); in accordance with the above researcher, the use of computers in music recording allowed the increase of production of music (Dawe 2004, 19) – reference is made specifically to the pop music which has been mostly benefited by the involvement of computers in the specific field. The introduction of computerized systems in music recording increased the potentials of music producers for the production of high quality music – referring to the advanced features available to the music producers compared to the past where the time required for the recording of a music piece could be significant mostly because of the limited technical potentials of the analogue systems – which were used in music recording up to the introduction of the computer sy stems in the particular field. The above fact is also highlighted in the study of Gordon (2005) who noted that the production of music of improved quality is another benefit of the use of computerized systems in music recording (Gordon 2005, 184). Apart from the historical development of music recording, the sociological aspects of the specific activity are also important for understanding its cultural context, especially in regard to the freedom provided to music producers to produce and sell their music pieces in the international market.

The Original Wason Card Selection Problem Essay Example for Free

The Original Wason Card Selection Problem Essay For many years, the Wason card selection problem has proved useful for psychologists and other experts in the study of human reasoning and logical ability (Kahneman Tversky 1982; Almor Sloman 1996; Yama 2001; Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby 2000). One of the most popularly used tools in the assessment of the cognitive architecture of humans, the Wason card selection task tests the participants’ logical intuitions based on conditional implications (Almor Sloman 1996). The task likewise proves whether the human mind â€Å"implements rules of logical inference† (Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby, 2000) by the subjects’ demonstrated ability â€Å"to endorse a statement of a general rule† or an argument to counter the rule. (Kahneman Tversky 1982) In the original version of the Wason card selection, the participants of the experiment were shown four cards showing A, T, 4, and 7 by the experimenter. They are then asked to choose which card/s they would turn-over to test the rule â€Å"if a card has a vowel on one side, it has an even number on the other† (Wason 1966) or the probability of the relationship â€Å"if p then q† within the four cards. The Wason selection task is structured so that the four cards are limited to display the instances of a true antecedent (TA) or a false antecedent (FA) on the side shown to the subjects, and a true consequent (TC) or a false consequent (FC) on the other. (Yama 2000) Alternatively, the first side shows instances of ‘p’ and ‘not p’ and ‘q’ and ‘not q’ on the side not shown to the subjects. (Dawson, Gilovich, Regan 2002) What has interested many psychologists and experts is the fact that the typical success rate for solving Wason’s problem in experiments conducted is only around twenty percent (20%). (Dawson, Gilovich, Regan 2002) The most common mistake committed by the participants in the card selection process is choosing the cards with A and 4 or A only instead of the correct response that should have been the cards with A or the p-card and 7 or the not-q card because â€Å"an observation of an odd number on the first card (A) or a vowel on the second card (7) would refute the rule.† (Kahneman Tversky 1982). Researchers suggest that this failure from the part of the subjects to provide the correct answers despite the latent simplicity of the problem may be due to the fact that the problem is not represented in its simple logical form (Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby 2000), confusing many subjects. On the other hand, a growing number of scholars point out to the role of confirmation bias—or the way that human beings systematically seek for instances that would confirm a theory rather than for instances to refute a theory—as a major hindrance to the effective use of logic and reasoning skills of humans (Klayman Ha 1987; Dawson, Gilovich, Regan 2002) which may also explain why majority of the participants fail in the Wason card selection. Other variations to the task have since been developed. For instance, the task is now being used to test not only the human ability for abstract reasoning but also in deontic reasoning. A variation of the Wason card experiment, one that involves only the number sequence 2-4-6 has also been used to study the process of hypotheses-formation among human beings (Cherubini, Castelvecchio, Cherubini 2005). However, the debate on the way that humans approach problems—whether they indeed express problems in logical form—has yet to be settled. (Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby 2000) This study therefore aims to replicate Wason’s original experiment of the four-card selection problem to test whether the same results would be achieved as in the original experiment and to examine whether confirmation bias remained a major problem in answering the tasks for many of the participants. Works Cited: Kahneman, D. A. Tversky. (1982). On the study of statistical intuitions. Cognition, 11: 123-141 Dawson, E., Gilovich, T., D.T. Regan (2002). Motivated reasoning and performance on the Wason selection task. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28:1379. Almor, A. S.A. Sloman (1996). Is deontic reasoning special? Psychological Review, 103: 374-380. Yama, H. (2001). Matching versus optimal data selection in the Wason selection task. Thinking and Reasoning, 7(3): 295-311. Fiddick, L., Cosmides, L., J. Tooby. (2000). No interpretation without representation: The role of domain-specific representations and inferences in the Wason selection task. Cognition, 77: 1-79. Wason, P.C. (1966). Reasoning. In B.M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Klayman, J. Y. Ha (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2): 211-228. Cherubini, P., Castelvecchio, E., A. M. Cherubini. (2005). Generation of hypotheses in Wason’s 2-4-6 task: An information theory approach. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A(2): 309-332

Shallow Romeo and Stupid Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

Shallow Romeo and Stupid Juliet We just finished reading the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. In this play we are introduced to the tragic story of their forbidden "love" which ultimately leads to their deaths. Although Romeo and Juliet is considered to be a timeless love story, I find Romeo to be too immature for this to be so. When we are first introduced to Romeo, he is involved with a girl by the name of Rosaline. Benvolio inquired about Romeo's situation with her to see if she was the cause for his melancholiness, when he discovered she was, he advised him to forget her and move on to another girl. "Tut man, one fire burns out another's burning; One pain is lessened by another's anguish. Turn giddy, and be helped by backward turning. One desperate grief cures with another's languish. Take thou some new infection to thy eye, And the rank poison of the old will die." Romeo takes the advise Benvolio offered, and not another word about loving Rosaline is spoken. On the same day, Romeo, Benvolio, and Mercutio went to the Capulet's party dressed in masks so their identities wouldn't be known. At the party, Romeo saw a beautiful girl dancing with Paris and instantly fell in love with her. He asked a servingman what her name was but he didn't know. "O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night As rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear- Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows As yonder lady o'er her fellows shows. The measure done, I'll watch her place of stand And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? Forsweare it, sight, For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night." I find this hard to believe that Romeo could instantly fall in love with Juliet by her looks alone. Even harder to believe, is that if he was

Gangs vs Cults

Gangs and Cults Gangs and cults at first glance may seem very different, and in some ways they are, but when you look closer their cultures are very similar. Cults promote a particular belief system, recruiting members by tricking them or influencing them to believe what they are teaching or telling them. Gangs pretty much do the same thing. They create glorified myths about the gang that appeal to young recruits, and far too often these myths become the foundation for young aspirations.Gangs differ from cults by promising things like money, sex, power, and materialistic things to their members. In the following essay I will show how the two groups have similar and different cultures when it comes to the use of symbols, behaviors, and language. Symbols are a very important part of the gang culture. Signs and symbols are used to identify a certain gang or to intimidate and disrespect rival gangs. There are times when they are used to identify a group of gangs, referred to as a â€Å" nation†.Gang members use tattoos, graffiti, and a particular color of clothing to show who they are affiliated with. Cults use symbols to identify different religious beliefs. Some examples of these signs or symbols are as follows; the inverted pentagram is used in witchcraft and occult rituals to conjure up evil spirits, the hexagram is one of the most potent symbols used in the working of the powers of darkness, and the upside down cross symbolizes mockery and rejection of Christ.Symbols are used in very different ways in the two cultures. Gangs represent their set very proudly and openly displaying who they are affiliated with, while cults mostly display their symbols through jewelry. Slang is the unique language used by the street gangs and prison gangs in America. Gangs have created a language of their own. Some of the words and symbols have a universal use and meaning, while others have an ethnic, cultural, or regional meaning.A few terms used by gangs are; a buster-a fa ke or imitation, ace kool-best friend or backup, bangin-gang fighting or violence, baby gangster-very young (7-12 years) who are used to act as lookouts, hold drugs, and guns. Cults use hypnotic language patterns and metaphors, either consciously or unconsciously. Every religion or cult has its own language. Most cults will speak their native language to one another in private, or during ceremonies. It is usually considered rude to not speak common when there are people from another cult present.Cults tend to completely withdraw from normal regular society, into a communal isolated lifestyle. That lifestyle can be a relative one, where people withdraw locally within their regular communities, or, actually withdraw as a group into a distant or remote area with others who follow their beliefs. The polygamists of southern Utah, who live in Colorado City, are an example of this behaviour. Gangs on the other hand are completely different when it comes to behaviour. They are typically ref erred to as a group of people who engage in criminal activity.Gangs exist in urban and even in rural areas as well. There are well over a quarter million youths throughout the country who are involved in gang activity (Curry et al. 1992). In Los Angeles County their violent acts claim an average of one life a day (1989 McBride & Jackson). In the past three-and-a-half years, more than 23,000 people have been killed along the U. S. border in connection with gang violence. â€Å"21 dead in Mexican gang gun battle near U. S. border,† The Associated Press, July 2, 2010. These two groups are similar in the way the form their groups, and recruit members.Yet they are very different in their actions. In spite of external pressures on gangs and cults to conform to conventional social norms, they choose to follow an alternative lifestyle and adopt untraditional values. While some members of the general public tolerate their existence, others express covert or even hostility towards them through threats or physical crimes.References Bissel, B. (n. d. ). Signs and symbols. Retrieved from http://www. exposingsatanism. org/signs2. htm Walker, R. (2010, November 09). Gangs or us. Retrieved from http://www. gangsorus. com/index. html

A Detailed Lesson Plan-Developmental Reading Essay

I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: a. Define reading b. Enumerate the types of reading c. Specify the purposes of reading d. Demonstrate the proper postures in oral reading II. Subject Matter Developmental Reading I References: 1. Developmental Reading I, Dr. Edisteo B. Bernardez Page 4-5 2. Developmental Reading, Dr. Angelita Romero Dr. Rene Romero III. Materials: Powerpoint presentation, video clips and pictures IV. Procedure: 1. The teacher will assign a student to read a selection. 2. Discussion of the subject A. Definition of reading B. Enumeration of the types of reading C. Specify the purposes of reading D. Demonstration of the proper postures in oral reading V. Application After the discussion, the teacher will give students oral reading activity. VI. Evaluation The teacher will ask his/her students to read a selection and check the students’ if they observed the proper oral reading postures. Rubric Criteria Proper standing position Connection with audience 4- Outstanding 3- Very Satisfactory 2- Fair 1- Needs improvement VII. Assignment VIII. Reference: Landy, Joseph V. Insight A Study of a Short Story. Metro Manila: National Bookstore, Inc. 1983 Purpura, Jeanne F. Runaways for English, Quezon City: JFC Publishing House, Inc. 2006 www. google.com.ph Mario Salamat II Importance of Lesson Plan By adasyuhada | March 2011 Lesson plan prepares a lot of importance and benefit to the teachers and learners. Hence, here there are following importance that included in lesson plan. First, lesson plan shows the importance in teacher parts. Mostly, teachers use the lesson plan as their guide to teach the same subject or topic for a presentation. As a result, it keeps them on track to accomplish the objectives. For instance, teachers must do arrangement the contents in logically order to make lesson go in sequence. In addition, to be lesson plan is well organized, usually the teachers will do early preparation the lesson plan to make it smooth running of the lesson. As example, teachers should prepared all equipments is needed in their teaching. Examples of  equipment are computer, projector, handouts or white board and marker pen. Without all these things absolutely the teaching is not takes placed. Besides that, lesson plan produced an effective teaching. It shows the effectiveness in teaching when it provides benefit to both sides such as teacher and learner. For example, the learners will more easily understand the teaching. From that, it promotes high level of confidence between teachers and learners. Furthermore, lesson plan is possible introduction of education technology. As we can see nowadays, most the teaching session will used the materials based on technology products. This can proved that educational level is developing towards the world. In addition, lesson plan also provides the room to teacher for evaluation and assessment for their teaching. LESSON PLANNING BY HARRY DOODS AND LORNA SMITH This deals with the absolute bare bones of planning. For a fuller picture, please also look at the related articles, ‘Bloom’s Taxonomy’, ‘Starters and Plenaries’, ‘What makes an effective lesson?’, and ‘Assessment’ – but read this first. Writing your first lessons plans will take you a long time. Don’t despair – this will become quicker and easier as you begin to internalise all the information and skills that lie beneath a good plan. Why is a lesson plan important? Because it: †¢provides you with a structured ‘route’ through your lesson so that you can be sure of meeting your lesson objective(s). †¢gives you a secure base from which you can project to your class the impression that you are organised and that you know what you are doing. (That is one of the important elements of effective behaviour management.) †¢provides you, your mentor, your tutors and colleagues with insights into the way you are approaching your teaching, and shows that you are helping your pupils make progress. †¢offers (over a number of lessons) evidence that you are addressing the requirements of almost every Standard other than Q17. What is a lesson plan? It’s a simple statement of: †¢what your pupils are going to learn †¢how you intend them to learn it †¢how you will know that the learning has taken place. How do I write a lesson plan? Stage 1 The starting point for any lesson plan must be, ‘What do I want pupils to learn?’ If you begin by answering that question, and call your answer a ‘Learning Objective’, then your planning will stay focused. If you look at the ‘Bloom’s Taxonomy’ resource, you will find some active verbs that might help you identify the Learning Objective and build sequences of learning. Unless it is a ‘one off’ lesson, the Learning Objective will usually come from a Medium Term Plan, or Scheme/Unit of Work – either one that you have prepared yourself, or one prepared by your school. Stage 2 Your course documents will include a standard proforma for writing lesson plans. Your school will have its own version, not necessarily the same. (Your university will provide guidance on which proformas to use and when.) A lesson plan will usually contain these elements: 1.A context. Indicate where the lesson fits into the Medium Term Plan / Scheme of Work or Programme of Study. Use references to the National Curriculum – e.g. EN3 1b – and / or Assessment Objectives drawn from exam specifications. 2.A statement both of success criteria and of the means by which you will assess the success of the lesson – what learning has taken place, and how effectively. Make these explicit to the class, probably early in the lesson. 3.An outline of your proposed activities, with an approximation of timings. Anticipate likely difficulties here, and record not just what you will do, but how you will do it. For example, if you want pupils to move to the front of the classroom, think how you will manage the movement so you don’t provoke a single mad rush of thirty bodies. ‘Pupils move to the front in threes and fours and sit where directed’ would do. It is crucial to remember that the proposed activities should always lead the pupils in the direction of the Learning Objective: you must be clear about  WHY each activity is a necessary element of the lesson (and your university may ask you to justify the learning outcome of each activity on your plan). In other words, however engaging or fun your idea is, if it doesn’t contribute toward the end goal, don’t do it! (File away your idea for another time†¦) At this point in your planning, be specific about: †¢how you will begin and end the lesson †¢how you will group pupils †¢how you will manage transitions between activities and separate phases of the lesson. 4.Statements of individual pupils’ specific learning needs, determined with reference to IEPs, EAL, SEN, G & T, learning and / or behaviour targets, or other requirements, and of how you propose to meet those needs. These are the first steps towards providing effective differentiation. 5.Acknowledgement of the role a TA or LSA might play in the lesson. 6.An account of the resources you will use – everything from texts and worksheets to glue and scissors. Again, make your strategies for managing these resources quite clear. The same goes for your use of audio-visual or other equipment. 7.Use of ICT, with a clear statement of the ways in which it enhances learning. 8.Notes on Health and Safety considerations. In the typical English classroom this is usually about stray cables and stowing bags under tables, but, again, anticipate. If, for the first two or three lessons you feel saf er by writing yourself a script, that’s fine, but as you become more confident you should be able to move towards a more economical model. The exception to this advice is when you are structuring a sequence of questions. There’s nothing wrong with scripting them, just to be sure that you don’t miss out something important – and try to be prepared to be flexible. Stage 3 – Assessment How will you know that any learning has taken place? You can’t just assume it, so you must at some point, or points, during the lesson build in opportunities to check pupils’ understanding, whether that be orally or by more formal means. Again, be specific about how you will do this. Planning in Practice – getting the structure right Inspired by the National Strategy, most ‘model’ lesson plans contain four parts: Part 1. A short starter activity, involving the whole class in some way. This is as much as anything to engage pupils in the lesson and to wake them up, but should also assess or refresh prior knowledge, to bridge learning from previous lessons into the current one. Five to ten minutes is usually quite long enough. Part 2. An introduction to the main points that you want pupils to learn, perhaps through contextualisation, questioning, or plain exposition. Part 3. Development and consolidation. In this phase, encourage pupils to make the new learning their own, perhaps by applying it or re-stating it. Pupils might work in groups, pairs, individually, or in a mixture of all three, depending on how you have decided is best to meet the Learning Objectives. Part 4. Plenary. In this phase, you make the learning explicit, perhaps by structured questioning, feedback from pupils as presentations or as brief accounts. Pupils should be able to articulate in some way what they have learnt in the lesson, and you will be able to assess what learning has taken place, and how effectively. When you observe teachers in schools, consider how far each of them follows this four-part plan, and the reasons for any deviations from it. For example, you may see teachers conduct ‘mini-plenaries’ midway through the lesson. Talk with teachers about how they structure their lessons and their reasons for doing so.

Rainfall Simulation essays

Rainfall Simulation essays To evaluate how the erosion and runoff process work, one would conduct a Rainfall Simulation. Doing a simulation, one comes to comprehend various types of land management and the infiltration that occurs according to how the land is used. The land used in this lab consists of thick cover and low cover. The plots are mainly covered in grass and were dry before the simulation took place. At about 3 oclock in the afternoon on a very windy day at the Texas A The information for the Rainfall Simulation lab can be found on pages 11-1 through 12-2 of the Spring 2002 Range and Forest Watershed Management Lab Manual. The rainfall simulation lab began with two groups of students who each had a plot and a simulator, the only difference was the amount of bare ground, forbs, grass, and litter. One is considered the low cover plot and the other is the dense cover plot. The sizes of the plots were both 3 meters squared and were within 2 meters distance away from each other. Begin the lab by taking a sample of soil to use when comparing the infiltration capacity of the soil. Bulk Density is one of the first things to look for. The Bulk Density of soil shows how compact the soil is and does not allow water to get through when it is so compact. When Bulk Density increases, Infiltration decreases. Calculation of Bulk Density using the mass of the dry soil tells the observer the maximum amount of water that can be held by the soil. The soil could also be used fo...

Analysis of the Allemande from the English Suite No 3 in G minor.(J.S Bach) essays

Analysis of the Allemande from the English Suite No 3 in G minor.(J.S Bach) essays According to Phillip Spitta the English Suites must be regarded as Bachs most deliberate and developed excursions in the suite form. J. Matheson says that they give the picture of a contented and satisfied mind delighting in order and repose In these Bach combines elements of the French tradition with the south German suite type which Johann Jacob Froberger had originated. He also assimilates some Italian influences. His ability though, to give varied forms to pieces of the same species makes the Suites easily recognizable as his own works. Generally in the Suites, the allemande prepares the way for the courante and they both form a whole. The allemande in Suite No 3 is a fine example of the grace and emotionally versatility that Bach can show on the keyboard. It consists of two sections, equal as to length, of twelve bars each. With a first look we can see that the harmonies are broad and both parts have various figures. The piece begins commonly with a short note, a semiquaver before the first bar and it is followed by an arpeggiation of the tonic chord in the left hand. We have two part texture with semiquavers against semiquavers that share the melodic sequence until bar 3. The harmony is mostly straightforward but interesting if we accept the second chord with the F sharp in the bass as a VII leading to a V7 in the next beat. The second bar continues with an arpeggiation of chord i as the passing bass sequence sets up a V chord in the third beat and resolves back to the tonic in the beginning of bar 3. Up to here the harmony seems fairly simple and we can not really see any specific mood being portrayed. In bar 3 though, a clear sequence begins in the bass and a series of arpeggiated chords lead to a first modulation in bar 6.! Already, the F natural in the start of the bar produces a richer feeling for the melody. The sequence, that starts with the tonic, descents gradually to VII, then to v and climbs...

Converting Cubic Inches to Cubic Centimeters

Converting Cubic Inches to Cubic Centimeters Cubic inches (in3) and cubic centimeters (cc or cm3) are common units of volume. Cubic inches is a unit used primarily in the United States, while cubic centimeters is a metric unit. This example problem demonstrates how to convert cubic inches to cubic centimeters. Cubic Inches to Cubic Centimeters Problem Many small car engines have an engine displacement of 151 cubic inches. What is this volume in cubic centimeters? Solution: Start with the conversion unit between inches and centimeters. 1 inch 2.54 centimetersThat is a linear measurement, but you need a cubic measurement for volume. You cannot simply multiply this number times 3! Instead, you form a cube in three dimensions. You may remember the formula for volume is length x width x height. In this case, length, width, and height are all the same. First, convert to cubic measurements:(1 inch)3 (2.54 cm)31 in3 16.387 cm3Now you have the conversion factor between cubic inches and cubic centimeters, so youre ready to complete the problem.Set up the conversion so the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want cubic centimeters to be the remaining unit.volume in cm3 (volume in in3) x (16.387 cm3/1 in3)volume in cm3 (151 x 16.387) cm​3volume in cm3 2474.44 cm3Answer:A 151 cubic inch engine dispaces 2474.44 cubic centimeters of space. Cubic Centimeters To Cubic Inches You can reverse the direction of the volume conversion easily enough. The only trick is to make sure the correct units cancel out. Lets say you want to convert a 10 cm3 cube into cubic inches. You can use the volume conversion from earlier, where 1 cubic inch 16.387 cubic centimeters volume in cubic inches 10 cubic centimeters x (1 cubic inch / 16.387 cubic centimeters)volume in cubic inches 10 / 16.387 cubic inchesvolume 0.610 cubic inches The other conversion factor you could have used is: 1 cubic centimeter 0.061 cubic inches It does not matter which conversion factor you choose. The answer will come out the same. If youre not sure youre doing the problem correctly, you could work it both ways to check yourself. Check Your Work You should always check your work to make sure the resulting answer makes sense. A centimeter is a smaller length than an inch, so there are many cubic centimeters in a cubic inch. A rough approximation would be to say there are about 15 times more cubic centimeters than cubic inches. A value in cubic inches should be much smaller than its equivalent value in cubic centimeters (or, a number in cc should be over 15 times bigger than the number given in cubic inches). The most common mistake people make doing this conversion is not cubing the value being converted. Dont multiply it by three or add three zeros to it (three factors of ten). Cubing a number is multiplying it by itself three times. The other potential error is in reporting the value. In scientific calculations, its important to watch the number of significant digits in an answer.

Nursing Research Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Research Appraisal - Essay Example The purpose of the study is to investigate the background of â€Å"getting evidence into practice†. In order to provide for representation of the facts that revealed during the study, the authors used a framework, reflecting the elements influencing the process. The elements that are observed by the authors to be major influencing factors are the â€Å"nature of the evidence†, the â€Å"context†, and the â€Å"facilitation†. The authors aimed at examining the components of the framework with the help of empirical enquiry approach. The research was divided into two parts. At the first stage investigative focus groups were appointed to give a perspective of the factors that may influence the process of implementing the evidence into practice. At the second stage the experts collected the data of case studies. The designed used by the authors is effective to provide for relevant data within the research and represent them in accurate manner. This essay declares that qualitative research involves narratives, in-depth interviews and focus groups. Powell et al give the following notion of a focus group: â€Å"a group of individuals selected and assembled by researchers to discuss and comment on, from personal experience, the topic that is the subject of the research†. Focus groups are similar to interviewing groups but they have definite distinctions. As Jones states, â€Å"Group interviewing involves interviewing a number of people at the same time, the emphasis being on questions and responses between the researcher and participants. Focus groups however rely on interaction within the group based on topics that are supplied by the researcher†. ". (p. 379) As it is stated in Research Methods, "The rule for selecting people for focus groups tends to be commonality rather than diversity. Research has shown that people tend to disclose more to people who resemble them in various ways than to people who differ fr om them. The kind of homogeneity you need depends on the specific purpose of the research. It is likely that you will want to consider the relevance of factors such as age, educational background, sex, professional status and ethnic formation". All qualitative researches and this in particular are based upon analytical categorization to describe the phenomena. (Rice, P. L. & Ezzy, D, p.168) The data revealing in the research process provide for a ground to point out new categories. Thus, the authors of the study reconsidered pre-set theories and pointed out new categories to be highlighted within the research process (Gibbs). The grounded theory approach usually is "to read (and re-read) a textual database (such as a corpus of field notes) and "discover" or label variables (called categories, concepts and properties) and their interrelationships. The ability to perceive variables and relationships is termed "theoretical sensitivity" and is affected by a number of

Dealing with Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dealing with Reality - Essay Example She just arrives in New Orleans to stay with her elder sister Stella who is now pregnant and lives with her husband, Stanley whom Blanche finds to be a pain in her neck. From the investigations made by Stanley, he reveals that she is far from the chaste and respectable woman that she pretends to be because she has had affairs with several men she barely knows, especially with a 17-year old student that led to her dismissal from school. Her actions and dialogues also reveal other characteristics of Blanche. She is a middle-aged woman from the South who formerly taught in high school. Coming from the South, Blanche carries with her the old customs and attitude of her place including her idealistic treatment of women, which she tries to impose on the men she meets including her brother-in-law, Stanley and her suitor, Mitch. When Mitch wants to make love with her, she declares, â€Å"I guess it is just that I have--old-fashioned ideas!† but while she says this, she rolls her eyes, implying that she is doing lip-service. Blanche tries to cover up the ugly realities of her life. She declares, â€Å"Yes, yes, magic! I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don't tell truth, I tell what ought to be the truth.† With this, Blanche confirms her tendency to deny reality. However, she prefers to submit herself to fantasy and denial. Instead of facing her problems squarely and trying to overcome loneliness by focusing on her career and getting married, she keeps on drinking liquor to cover up her feelings. This leads to her tragic ending when Stanley rapes her and she loses her sanity. Blanche tries to hide reality in order to fool people. She tells Mitch that if this act is â€Å"sinful, then let me be damned for it! - Don't turn the light on!† (Scene 9). Blanche always meets Mitch in the dark so that she could cover up the truth about her.

Service Journals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Service Journals - Assignment Example In 2012, the company was listed 3rd by Forbes among 10 world’s most innovative companies. This is an indication of good quality services, which is an aspect associated with innovativeness. The rating also reflects consumer satisfaction as it is based on customer feedback data among other parameters. Barnes & Noble Inc. is the major competitor with 1,300 book stores in the US and also sells products online. However, I did not choose the company because the company experienced losses recently in its digital business, which does not give a customer the desired motivation and confidence to engage in Barnes & Noble’s online business (hoovers.com). I expected to download the journals in my computer immediately after making the payment. I also expected to get the correct copies as I had ordered without any missing pages. There was a 25% discount for every third item purchased by the same customer and therefore I anticipated the discount on three journals. Overall, I expected the best service due to the fact that I was purchasing 10 items at once. 4a) Look at the advertisements and web pages (all promotions you can find) for this service. Describe them. Are they targeting the correct markets? How do these ads and promotions impact your expectations for the service? Do they overpromise? How would you change them? (make recommendations—don’t say â€Å"I’d leave them the same†) Amazon.com advertises products in a strategic manner that attracts customers’ attention. For every journal, there was a review of the contents and a background of the authors. This information was helpful in making a purchase decision since it highlighted what to expect and therefore I carefully chose those with the required information thereby avoiding unnecessary costs. The advertisements are targeted at a variety of market segments. Customers visiting the company’s website have the freedom to

Business Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Plan - Term Paper Example Furthermore, the company’s integrated sales team is highly experienced and ensures providing world class services to the clients and customers. In the world of globalization the company is looking forward towards expanding its base to reach out to all the communities around the US and the world. The market analysis provides a clear picture about the emerging industry throughout the world. Mobile phones have become an important medium of communication with variety of features incorporated within. The industry is one of the largest profitable segments amongst all other necessity products. Orange Mobile Communication’s prime objective is to provide customers, especially the younger generation with technologies that have not been introduced by any other competitor. Its focus towards customers will ensure better understanding of the buying pattern. This will enable the company in minimizing stocks and manufacture those products that are highly in demand. Moreover, the external supply chain will ensure effective deliverables within the prescribed period. Telecom Industry is booming in recent times. The product has changed its category from luxury to necessity goods due to the convenience it provides to the users. The effect of internationalization has therefore, ensured many big players to launch unique features in order to increase the sales of the mobile phones. The employees are committed towards achieving the goals of the organizations and value its principles for competitive market growth and sustainability. The company, Orange Mobile Communications is committed towards providing high quality products with unique features at affordable prices. Furthermore, it is dedicated in providing high level services to its customers and clients by ensuring convenient locations of retail stores and efficient and effective solutions. Orange Mobile Communications is determined in becoming the

Walmart, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Walmart, Inc - Essay Example Once inside, customers are able to easily change the app to store mode from online mode, thus creating room for them to enjoy interactive in-store experiences such as scanning bar codes for pricing and going through Wal-Mart’s interactive in-store circular, which will enable them to keep a record of everything theyve bought thus tracking overall expenditure. This new change adopted by the organization gives customers the ability to switch from online to store mode, giving Wal-Mart app users an opportunity to compare prices with other eTail sites and customers will now be able to purchase out-of-stock items online (Paul, Lori, & Hayagreeva, 2010). Wal-Mart was formed by Sam Walton. It was Sam’s leadership which brought about the rapid growth of Wal-Mart’s success. This colossal achievement was achieved as a result of Sam’s vision that he nurtured to realization by incorporating leadership and management practices that were highly effective. Wal-Mart’s current commitment to valuing people in the entire facet of its leadership, management and culture was cultivated overtime (Wollam, 2009). 3. How would you improve the change leadership process at this organization? Provide your suggestions and recommendations for improvement and explain why they will promote positive change within the organization. Come up with a comprehensive mission statement for the organization’s mission statement with its activities aligned with the organizations vision. For example, Wal-Mart’s primary goal is to offer and deliver high quality goods for all marketing, advertising and research, and development activities should be focused on the quality of goods, modes and speed of delivery. Task forces which bring together the organization’s leadership to discuss strategy should be created. This task force will be working together to come up with short- and long-term road maps for the organization which

The growth of Internet betting and gambling sites and the credit card Essay

The growth of Internet betting and gambling sites and the credit card companies response - Essay Example Further, law enforcement agencies state that Internet gambling is sometimes used for money laundering (Hugel & Kelly 2002: 57). However, others consider this risk as trivial concern. The jurisdictional and anonymity concerns characteristic of Internet gambling make online gambling a potentially strong means for money launderers. The small number of prosecuted instances of money laundering linked to Internet gambling is credited to oversight and a lack of solid parameters (Hugel & Kelly 2002: 58). Still, officials form the gaming and credit card industries and regulatory agencies do not consider that Internet gambling was any more vulnerable to money laundering than other forms of electronic trade (Hugel & Kelly 2002: 58). The main objective of this review is to acquire a better understanding on the different policies and procedures of the credit card industry on Internet gambling. The review is also aimed at obtaining a broader knowledge on the strengths and weaknesses of these policies, and perhaps to formulate any potential recommendations that are possible under the Constitution. To achieve this, a review on use of the U.S. payments method --- particularly credit cards, and on the ongoing debate on Internet gambling should be made. The key points are: 1) to study the legal structure for Internet gambling activities, mainly in the U.S., but also in other countries; 2) to explain the range and characteristic of the regulations and measures the credit card industry has put into practice to prohibit the use of credit cards as a mode of payment for Internet gambling; and 3) to acquire opinions on Internet gambling’s susceptibility to money laundering. Documentation on Internet gambling policies and procedures may be requested from industry representatives; however, some might be disinclined to supply written documentation due to concerns about the confidentiality of propriety regulations. This is why conducting interviews is

Walmart, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Walmart, Inc - Essay Example Once inside, customers are able to easily change the app to store mode from online mode, thus creating room for them to enjoy interactive in-store experiences such as scanning bar codes for pricing and going through Wal-Mart’s interactive in-store circular, which will enable them to keep a record of everything theyve bought thus tracking overall expenditure. This new change adopted by the organization gives customers the ability to switch from online to store mode, giving Wal-Mart app users an opportunity to compare prices with other eTail sites and customers will now be able to purchase out-of-stock items online (Paul, Lori, & Hayagreeva, 2010). Wal-Mart was formed by Sam Walton. It was Sam’s leadership which brought about the rapid growth of Wal-Mart’s success. This colossal achievement was achieved as a result of Sam’s vision that he nurtured to realization by incorporating leadership and management practices that were highly effective. Wal-Mart’s current commitment to valuing people in the entire facet of its leadership, management and culture was cultivated overtime (Wollam, 2009). 3. How would you improve the change leadership process at this organization? Provide your suggestions and recommendations for improvement and explain why they will promote positive change within the organization. Come up with a comprehensive mission statement for the organization’s mission statement with its activities aligned with the organizations vision. For example, Wal-Mart’s primary goal is to offer and deliver high quality goods for all marketing, advertising and research, and development activities should be focused on the quality of goods, modes and speed of delivery. Task forces which bring together the organization’s leadership to discuss strategy should be created. This task force will be working together to come up with short- and long-term road maps for the organization which

Income Taxes and Leases Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Income Taxes and Leases - Coursework Example According to Sachse (2006), all the timing differences cannot be reversed and that their tax effects cannot facilitate payment of deferred tax liability. For the advocates of the partial allocation of income tax, deferred tax liabilities would only be the portion of the comprehensive tax liability that was expected to result in the cash outflows (Sachse, 2006). Besides, this is not a conservative approach since the company management is given a leeway to choose the liabilities to recognize and those to avoid. Comprehensive allocation of income taxes This method requires that income tax expenses declared in the accounting period be affected by all transactions and be further included when calculating the pretax financial accounting revenue for that particular fiscal year. Both the GAAP and IFRS require the comprehensive allocation approach for the recognition of income taxes (Sachse, 2006). The matching argument is used in the justification of detailed allocation on grounds that the principle requires a full matching of revenue and expenses, hence the most conservative approach. Accounting for a capital-lease by the Lease The capital lease shall be recognized as an obligation, but valued as the initial lease-term’s minimum lease payment’s current value, but exclude executor expenses like maintenance, insurance and profit paid by the lessor. But in case the established amount exceeds the initial leased asset’s fair value, it may imply that obligation and asset value be considered as the fair value.

Titration Lab Essay Example for Free

Titration Lab Essay Method for Control of Variables 1. In order to control the titration of potassium permanganate, we used the pipette to make the titration constant. We also used the same amount of chemical solutions, with the same flasks, to make the titration as constant as possible. 2. To control the amount of redox in the experiment, we have used the pipette to keep on putting the same amount of drop every time. The pipette made the amount of redox constant for every trial, and made the data more accurate. 3. In order to control the amount of potassium permanganate, we have measured the solution with the same plate and same scale. Since we have used the same materials, the amount used was very close. 4. To control the amount of force put in to mix the solution, I used my right hand for every trial and did not vary the length and procedure to mix. I have mixed the solution 5. In order to control the temperature of the liquids, I have used the same room at the same time. I did not used any air conditioning to change the temperature. Method For Data Collection 1. I have weighed out exactly 2.5 grams of AR ammonium iron (II) sulphate crystals, and dissolved them in approximately 40cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of sulphuric acid solution with a concentration of approximately 1 mol dm-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. 2. I did NOT heat the solution to assist the dissolving of the solution. 3. I made up to 100cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of the solution into a volumetric flask and mixed the solution. 4. I have used the pipette to pipette 10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of the solution into a conical flask and added about an equal volume of distilled water. 5. I titrated this with 0.0200mol dm-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ potassium manganate (VII) solution to a faint pink color. 6. I repeated the titration for at least 2 times for accuracy in the data and recorded all the results. Table of Raw Results Table Showing Volume of KMnO4 Used to React With the Solution Initial Reading Final Reading Volume of KMnO4 The error or uncertainty of this data is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. However, the uncertainty for the volume difference is not à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, but is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. This is because there are two à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ datas, and if you add them up, you will get à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Evaluation Improvements: In this experiment, there were several inaccurate results and some mistakes I could have improved. 1. Pipette: For each drop from the pipette, there were same amounts of solutions, but since it is made by human hand, there should have been a slight difference in each drop. 2. Temperature: Although I have done this experiment in one class period, there were slight changes in the weather, causing the temperature to change. This could have affected the data results. 3. Force: The force applied to the solution and the flask was approximately the same, but there were some differences since it was done by humans. Humans never can do the same exact thing over, and so there should have been a slight error. Conclusion My hypothesis for this experiment was correct, because it took about 10 drops to titrate. Although there were some slight errors during the experiment, the experiment itself went fairly well, as there werent any big outstanding errors in the data and procedures. The main aim of this experiment, titration of redox with potassium permanganate, was well presented, and overall the experiment was good. Problem Calculation 1. MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe- = Mn2+ + 4H2O + Fe3+ 2. 5 moles of Fe2+ is required. 3. 10cm3 = 0.01dm3 0.02 mol dm-3 x 0.01 dm3 = 0.0002 mol 0.0002 moles of KMnO4 is present. 4. MnO4- : Fe2+ 1:5 0.0002 mol : 0.001 mol 0.001 moles of Fe2+ is present in 10cm3 of the solution. 5. 0.001 mol x 10 =0.01 mol 0.01 moles of Fe2+ is present in 100cm3 of the solution. 6. 1 mole of Fe2+ = 56grams 56g x 0.01 mol = 0.56g 0.56 grams of Fe2+ is in the ammonium iron (II) sulfate 7. Number of moles of ammonium iron (II) sulfate = 39 0.56g/(39mol x 0.1) = 14.4% 8. 1 mol of ammonium iron(II) sulfate = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 x 6H2O = 2N + 8H+ 1Fe+ 2S + 😠¯ + 12H + 6O = 392 grams 56g/392g = 14.3% 9. My result was 14.4% and it is almost equal to the correct value which is 14.3%. The difference is only 0.1%. 10. The iron (II) salt might evaporate if I heat it, and will affect the result.

The effectiveness of the Non Native Speaking Teacher Essay -- Language

Introduction With the number of English users around the word reaching a probable 2 billion (Crystal 2003), it can be confidently stated that the English language has achieved the status of the world’s lingua franca (Wardhaugh, 2006). The increase in the use of the language has led to an increase in the demand for English language courses (Nunan 2003). Therefore, this has also led to an increase in the demand for English language teachers. These teachers can be both Native Speaking Teachers (NST) and Non-Native Speaking Teachers (NNST). This essay will set out to evaluate the effectiveness of the NNST on learner acquisition of the target language. In this essay, the NNST will be used to refer to someone for whom English is not their language first language, but is a second or foreign language. Also, the target language referred to in this essay, is the English language. Another important point is that it will be necessary to support the arguments by comparing the NNST and NST. This essay w ill suggest that the NNST is as good as the NST when teaching the ESL class is monolingual Model (Learner vs. Language) Many people think that NSTs are the best model since they speak the language naturally (Sahin 2005). According to Rampton (1996), NSTs who do not possess teaching qualifications are more likely to be hired than NNST who are both as qualified and experienced teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Even students may generally look for NSTs because of their natural fluency. However, it might be argued that speaking a language and teaching a language are two separate issues. Medgyes (1999) draws a distinction between language model and learner model. He argues that NST are better language models, as learners may want to ... ...Oxford University Press. Rampton, M. B. H. (1996). Displacing the "native speaker": Expertise, affiliation, and inheritance. In T. Hedge & N. Whitney (Eds.), "Power, pedagogy & practice" (pp. 9-22). Oxford: Oxford University Press. R. Terrance R. Boak and Rodney C. Conklin. The Effect of Teachers' Levels of Interpersonal Skills on Junior High School Students' Achievement and Anxiety American Educational Research Journal. Vol. 12, No. 4 (Autumn, 1975), pp. 537-543 Sahin, Ismet (2005). The effect of Native speaker Teachers of English on the Attitudes and Achievement of Learners. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, Vol.1, No.1 Senel, M (2006). Suggestions for Beautifying the Pronunciation of EFL Learners in Turkey. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, Vol.2, No.1 Wardhaugh, Ronald (2006). An introduction to sociolinguistics. Wiley-Blackwel

The Tragedy Of Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe is one of the leading figures of American literature. He is known as a poet and a critic, but is most famous as the first master of the short story form, especially tales of the mysterious and gruesome. In Poe’s poems, like his tales, his characters are tortured by nameless fears and longings. Today Poe is acclaimed as one of America’s greatest writers, but in his own unhappy lifetime he knew little but failure. Poe had an unstable family life. The insecure place he held at home interfered with his emotional stability. He was born as the son of actors. â€Å"The two were not notably talented; they played minor roles in third-rate theatrical companies.† (Buranalli 7) Between them they barely managed to make a living. Poe was the second of their three children. About the time the third child was born, the father died, or disappeared, and Mrs. Poe went to Richmond, Virginia with the two youngest children. The oldest child, William Henry, had been left in the care of his grandparents in Baltimore shortly after his birth. Mrs. Poe was overtaken by a fatal illness (tuberculosis). Devastated by the disease and worn out with the struggle to support her children, she died. Edgar, two years old, and the infant, Rosaline, were orphaned. Poe was taken into the home of John Allan, a wealthy merchant. His wife, Frances Allan, had no children and wanted to adopt Poe as her son. Mr. Allan was unwilling to commit himself to a step of such permanence. â€Å"The acting profession was despised at the time and was even considered immoral.† (Meyers 11) Mr. Allan thought the little son of actor parents was a questionable person to inherit his name and the fortune he was busy accumulating. He was however, willing to support the child, to please his wife. Family was of the greatest importance in Richmond, the place where Poe spent most of his boyhood. Poe felt the difference between the children at school and himself. He was not close to his (foster) father, like other boys were. Mr. Allan’s unwillingness to adopt him bothered him greatly. It hurt him that he was not wanted enough by his father to legally be his son. He acted out in fits of temper and rebellion. His family did not understand his reasoning for being so upset. Mr. Allan was a hardheaded businessman with no patience for Poe’s â€Å"reasonless† actions. â€Å"He handled the situation by reminding the boy of his ‘disreput... ...ing the winter of 1846-47, when the couple had little food of fuel, Virginia reached the end of life. After Virginia’s death Poe became even more depressed and temperamental. He slept with many women in a vain attempt to find comfort for the loss of his wife. In 1849 he re-met his high school sweetheart, Elmira. They became engaged. After making wedding plans, he set out for New York City from Richmond, but disappeared in Baltimore. He was found five days after he disappeared very near death. He died without regaining full consciousness, four days later on October 7, 1849, ten days before the date he had set for his wedding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poe’s life was indeed marked by misery and tragedy. He was abandon by his father, lived in poverty as a writer, and suffered the loss of many loved ones. On the other hand, maybe it was his dreary life that caused him to escape into the imaginative fantasy world that became his writer’s playground. Looking at it from that perspective, perhaps his unfortunate personal life was the springboard for his success as a writer. Poe did, no matter, have great talent and will forever be remembered for his brilliance in American literature.

Cola Wars Continue: Coke vs. Pepsi in the 1990s Essay

Question 1 The concentration producing industry has one buyer and through its value chain. Instead, costs for advertising, promotion, market research, and bottler relations were significant. On the other hand, bottling industry is the mid-way player in the soft drink industry. There are two suppliers and one buyer involved in its value chain (Exhibit 1). Whether two industries are profitable depends on soft drink consumption, which had increased for more than 20 years and plateaued in the 1990s. The economics of the CP and bottling is very different from each other in terms of number and size of rivals, and the scope of competitive rivalry. There are two giants competing head to head on the CP industry, smaller national producers, such as Seven-Up and Dr Pepper, are relatively trivial. There are a lot of players of same size in the bottling industry. Unlike the furious competition between Pepsi and Coke, no sense of competition can be felt in bottling industry. Reasons are that, first, Pepsi and Coke control the majority of bottlers in 1990s; second, intrabrand competition is restricted by the franchise agreement, which is protected by ‘Soft Drink Interbrand Competition Act’. From the view of capital requirement, it is easier for others to enter the CP industry than to enter the bottling industry, since comparing to $30-$50 million dollars requirement to establish a bottling plant covering only one 80th of ability to serve the entire US market, the requirement for one CP plant with a nation-wide capacity is only $5-$10 million dollars. In addition, brand loyalty is low in the CP industry since consumers are sensitive to price and there is little switching cost. There are many substitutes for soft drinks, such as tea, beer, and milk. There is no substitutes existing in the bottling industry, and no customer loyalty and switching costs for bottlers since they could only use packages authorized by the franchiser, which means no distributors can tell the difference of the same brand provided by two bottlers, and easily switch among different bottlers. Cost and financial structures of a CP and a bottler illustrate that high cost of sales is one of the major reasons behind the relative low profitability of the bottling industry. The ratio of cost of sales over net sales is 40% higher than that of CP. One possible reason is that bottlers heavily depend on CPs, and thus, CPs use bottlers to diversify expenses. Another reason is that bottlers hold much more inventory than CPs do since bottlers receive soft drink concentrates according to its processing capacity, while they sell products based on selling capability. Also, bottlers have plant and equipment that are ten times more than that of CPs, and a good will that is roughly 45 times more, which means that bottlers have to deduct more depreciation from gross profit than CPs do. One of the reasons why bottlers are backward integrated by CPs is that, as the Cola-war heating up, small bottlers were no longer able to handle CPs’ goals and thus they would not be chosen as Pepsi and Coke’s partners. Most of them were merged or driven out of the market by larger ones adopting the DSD method, which is the only delivery category that provides a positive net profit per unit. Other driving forces for Pepsi and Coke to integrate bottlers are that, by doing this, they can narrow down the number of packagers they deal with, lower costs of negotiation with bottlers, and set up barriers to find buyers for other smaller national CPs. Question 2 Bargaining power of buyers is the weakest competitive force for CPs. On the other hand, the strongest competitive force for the bottling industry is bargaining power of suppliers because of the interactional relationship between the two industries in question. Both of the two industries would like to weak each other’s bargaining power, however, CPs take the initiative in the negotiation. First, it is CPs who build franchise networks. CPs understand how the bottling process works, while the bottlers don’t know how to run a soft drink brand. Second, CPs negotiate with bottlers’ other suppliers to secure reliable supply, faster  delivery, and low price. Also, franchise agreement between CPs and bottlers has been becoming more favorable to CPs. So it is safe to say that bottlers have been affiliated to CPs to a deeper degree than CPs to bottlers. Finally, the bottling industry does not have giants who are able to penetrate into the CP industry. On the other hand, the CP industry has Pepsi and Coke to integrate bottlers. Threat of new entrants is the second weakest force for the CP industry. One of the major reasons is that it is difficult to access a bottler since like Pepsi and Coke are taking control of most of the packagers. Another reason is, although capital required to establish a soft drink concentrate plant with the capacity of serving the entire US market is low, costs for advertising, promotion, market research and bottler relations are a heavy burden and specialized know-how, such as brand management, is a natural barrier to penetrators. However, the fact that customers’ loyalty is becoming weaker makes the force not as weak as bargaining power of buyers. The bargaining power of suppliers to CPs also seems weak in the case since, as the advent of diet soft drinks, the expiration of the patent to aspartame, and oversupply of aluminum on the world market, suppliers to CPs are losing bargaining power. However, there is no detail of suppliers industry given to provide us with confidence to say that it is the weakest force. Threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry among the incumbents are relatively weak for the CP industry. Comparing to its substitutes, such as beer, milk, and bottled water, soft drink is and will continue to be performing outstandingly (Exhibit 2). Type of competition in the CP industry is duopoly, two giants, Pepsi and Coke are competing with each other head to head. Other CPs are confined to a market share that is lower than 30%. The unsystematic competition makes competitive rivalry less intense when consider the industry as a whole. Threat to new entrants for bottling industry is weak since, unlike the CP industry, bottling industry has a high capital requirement, from $30 to $50  million, to build a plant of five lines with one 85th to one 80th of the national volume. There is even no profit margin for small bottlers because they are not big enough to be engaged in the DSD to make a positive profit. Bargaining power of buyers is the third weakest force for the bottling industry. To bottlers, they receive volumes of concentrates at the level of their processing capacity; while at the other end of value chain, number of cases they can sell depends on bottlers’ marketing capability. To retailers, they don’t have switch costs since Pepsi Cola from bottler ‘A’ is the same as that from bottler ‘B’. However, continual brand availability and maintenance is crucial to CPs, they don’t want to see that too much inventory held by packagers erode relationship with each other. So, CPs have to help bottlers work on marketing and how to deal with retailers. Threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry among the incumbents are the weakest. First, there are no substitutes for packages. Second, there is no competition among bottlers in that not only is intrabrand competition restricted, but also competition among brands are concerned by CPs since the bottlers are heavily controlled by concentrate suppliers nowadays. Question 3 The reason why the Cola-War does not escalate out of control is that both of Pepsi and Coke understand the importance of keeping its rival alive. Strategically, they are vital to each other’s maintenance. There are three possible results of the Cola-war, monopoly, duopoly, and near prefect competition. All players in this industry are dreaming to be the king of monopoly. However, under current situation, it is difficult to defeat each other without harming themselves for both of Pepsi and Coke. Launching plans and actions aiming at eliminating its competitor will probably result in the third result, near prefect competition, in which the industry would only have players bearing the same size as nowadays Seven-Up and Dr Pepper. Obviously, duopoly is the best and easiest choice for the big two. First, as risk avoiders, they can maintain current size and dominant position in the market, keep small national brands at an inferior level. Second, they can keep business environment nearly unchanged. The duopoly situation has been lasting for more than two decades. It is the one they are familiar to. No matter whoever is driven out of business or both of them lose the dominant position, they have to re-evaluate the industry and re-plan their strategic plan. Third, they can lower the possibility of making mistakes by observing what each other are doing. Based on above reasons, Pepsi and Coke choose not to wage a war that is out of control. Methods Coke and Pepsi adopt to keep the war within ‘bounds’ are focusing on key success factors, following each other’s actions selectively, and realizing gap in international market. There are three KSFs in this industry, brand differentiation, relationship with packagers, and developing new beverages. Focusing on KSFs enable both of Pepsi and Coke stay in the right track leading to higher level competition of duopoly. Following each other’s actions selectively prevents them from distracting to dangerous actions. They both followed closely each other’s actions based on KSFs, such as launching marketing plans, vertical integrating bottlers, and develop new products. They also distinguish bad actions from good ones. For instance, Pepsi gave its employees one-day brake when it received the information that Coke decided to change its Coca-Cola’s formula. Pepsi has admitted that Coke is much stronger on international market. It is very important that it uses ‘guerilla warfare’ in selected international market instead a frontal attack with Coke everywhere, which would entrap Pepsi in the quicksands of international market. Question 4 Over the last century, firms specialized in tobacco, food, and restaurant, such as Philip Morris, Hicks & Haas, Triarc, R.J. Reynolds, and Cadbury Schweppes, tried to penetrate into the soft drink industry through purchasing small national CPs like Dr Pepper, Seven-Up, and Royal Crown Cola, however, few of them survived. Reasons for this fact fell with the faulty strategic planning process. Those who entered but do not end up with success failed to recognize three key success factors in this industry in the beginning, building brand recognition, developing packaging networks, and changing distribution channels. First, Pepsi successfully competed with Coke through adopting brand differentiation. In responding to Pepsi’s attack, Coke spent even more money on advertising, which gained two companies world wide fame, heated up the war between them, and shaped their capacity to remain as top players. However, other CPs did not cash in on the brand differentiation strategy, which can be illustrated by a compare of dollar amount spending on advertising by brand in the US. (Exhibit 3) Second, there was no evidence that small national CPs tried to secure packagers to build their bottling network. Instead, they had to resort to bottlers owned by Pepsi and Coke, while small bottlers do not have the capacity to handle national distribution. Costs for new entrants to maintain bottler relations or organize small bottlers are so high that may eat up gross profit. Finally, as discount retailers such as Wal-Mart and K mart prospered during the 1990s, CPs are facing pressures on lowering their wholesale price. Besides, it seems only Pepsi and Coke were involved in Door-Store Delivery method, CPs that sell products to private label and warehouse would be facing less distributors due to negative net profit/unit.

History of Vietnamese Essay

According to research findings, the history of Vietnam can be traced back to four thousand years. It is evident that this nation was under the rule of China between the periods 111BC to the beginning of the tenth century. This nation is known to have gained sovereignty early years of the 10th century. During the Yuan Dynasty, this nation repelled three invasions by Mongols. A look at the history of Vietnam shows that the independent period was cut short by France. This is when France decided to colonize Vietnam. When there was the World War II, the French were expelled by Imperial Japan. It is worth noting that this nation however, decided to retain the French administrators. When the war ended French tried to re-colonize Vietnam but failed because of the tight measures that were present at that time. (Nguy? n, 1999) Chinese dominated Vietnam during the period between 111BC and 938 AD. In 111BC, the Chinese invaded a region in Vietnam called Nanyue and literary established territories therein. During this period, the Chinese had some posts in the Vietnamese government. These posts included top officials and governors posts. The Vietnamese also managed some hightlands. These Vietnamese that had these management posts at that time were nobles. With time the Chinese dynasties decided to eliminate the Vietnamese nobles and their powers. Many elites in Vietnamese were coerced to assimilate the politics and the culture of the Chinese. The French colonized Vietnam till the 19th century. In the year 1784, there was a French priest who sailed to Vietnam to seek for some assistance. This assistance was in line with military backing. There was the brokering of the Little Treaty of Versailles that saw the promise of the aid that the priest requested for. Later on there was the breaking of the French revolution and therefore the Pigneaux plan did not succeed. In the year 1799, there was the capturing of Saigon. There was Dynasty of Nguyen in the year 1802. This dynasty tolerated Catholicism. It is worth noting that he employed some of the Europeans as advisors in the courts. The successors of this man (Nguyen), did not embrace westernization as expected during this time. They were very conservative instead. In the year 1858, the French gunships attacked the Da Nang port. During this time much damage was done on the property in this dam. In the year 1867, the French troops expanded their overall control. This was up to six provinces. Then there was the formation of the French Colony. Later on many French troops invaded Vietnam. Between the year 1884 to the year 1885, France assumed total control of Vietnam. This was after the Chinese- Franco War. There was the formation of French Indochina. (Fitzgerald, 1972) French colonialism was bitterly opposed by many Vietnamese. This was because the French literary took over the leadership powers in this nation. First of all there was the formation of policies that greatly affected the Vietnamese people negatively. There was so much oppression on the Vietnamese people. The policies included that the Vietnamese citizens could not hold most of the top positions or jobs in the government. Very few Vietnamese citizens that were employed were lowly paid and this issue made the Vietnamese to bitterly oppose the French colonialism. (Fitzgerald, 1972) Another reason is that there was direct discrimination of the Vietnamese citizens in many areas. This was in terms of education health and also housing sector. There was very minimal education for the Vietnamese people. There were schools that the Vietnamese were not allowed to attend but were just reserved for the French children or citizens. This actually denied the Vietnamese access to good education. In the health sector, the Vietnamese were not allowed to attend the good hospitals in Vietnam. It is only the French that easily accessed these essential facilities. In fact research reveals that health provision for the Vietnamese was non existent. This discrimination was extended even up to the residential sector. There were estates that were just reserved for the French people. The Vietnamese could not access this essential facility. This actually greatly annoyed the Vietnamese citizens. (Nguyen, 1885) Another thing that greatly annoyed the Vietnamese till they decided to oppose the French colonialism was the execution of Vietnam citizens. There was the massacre of leaders of various nationalist groups in Vietnam. These were especially those that tried to oppose the French colonialism. During the period when French colonized Vietnam, there was so much exploitation and oppression of the Vietnamese citizens. In fact all the rights of the Vietnamese were totally removed when French took over the control of this nation. The French government in Vietnam made no attempts to better the lives of Vietnamese. There was so much degradation of the Vietnamese people. The Vietnamese women were forced to be prostitutes so that they could provide the French male administrators with entertainment. Colonialists just lived a gracious and carefree lifestyle as the Vietnamese suffered. This factor made Vietnamese to bitterly oppose French colonialism. In relation to this there were so many movements that were formed against French colonialism. The only group of people that did not oppose the French colonialism was the nobles in Vietnam. This is because they were given some of the prestigious posts in the administration sector. The Vietnamese nobles were actually respected by the French colonialists. They were given some rights like in the education and the health sector. This made them not to feel the oppression that was carried out on the rest of the Vietnamese citizens. They actually shared so much with the French colonialists. The other reason as to why they never opposed the French colonialists was because they feared to lose their prestigious jobs. They were so used to the good lifestyle and therefore never wanted to lead the life that the rest of the Vietnamese led. This is because all the other citizens in Vietnam were greatly oppressed by the colonialist government. There was also the fear of execution in case the colonialists found out about there opposition. For these reasons the nobles in Vietnam never opposed the French colonialists. (Nguyen, 1885) There were also the communist Viet Minh that collaborated with the French. One of the communist called Ho signed an agreement to allow the French to continue to rule in Vietnam. The communists said that they just love French and that the French people were heroes. Research shows that there were so many arguments for and against Vietnamese independence in 1945. One of the arguments by scholars against the independence of Vietnam is very clear. The scholars argued that Vietnam was not ready for independence due to various reasons. One of the reasons was that because of the colonization, the Vietnamese citizens were not so much learned. They had been marginalized by the French colonialists. This meant that they did not have the necessary leadership skills to rule the Vietnam government. This is considering that the colonialists took quite a long time in this nation. That for over eighty years these Vietnamese citizens had gotten used to being led and every policy done for the. So the argument was that these citizens were not very educated to take up this noble responsibility. The few noble citizens that were given a chance to work in the government did not have enough experience. This made people to argue that Vietnamese could not have independence at that time. It wad argued that the lack of skilled personnel that could lead this nation could lead to the down fall of the overall economy of these nation. (Fitzgerald, 1972) . Still other arguments that were against were that the noble officials in this nation were the only ones that stood a high chance of leading this nation. Considering that they had been working hand in hand with the colonialists, there were high chances that the new government would carry forward previous policies and leadership skills that would be no different from the French colonialists. There was the strong fear of dictatorship in this nation. This is just what happened when Vietnam gained independence in the year 1945. (Nguy? n, 1999) The arguments for Vietnamese independence were that these people had suffered a great deal in the hands of French colonialists and therefore it was a high time that they led a good life. This was a high chance of a life devoid of oppression and where every person was equal with equal rights to the services and amenities in the nation. Conclusion Vietnam was colonized by both the China and French colonies. Chinese dominated Vietnam during the period between 111BC and 938 AD. Between the year 1884 to the year 1885, France assumed total control of Vietnam. This was after the Chinese- Franco War. Many Vietnamese bitterly opposed French colonialism because of the oppression that they witnessed. They were denied access to essential amenities and services. These included education and health. In the year 1945, the nobles and communists never opposed French because of fear and also because they were enjoying some favors from the French colonial government. This included access to some jobs in the government among other. Various arguments for and against Vietnamese independence existed in the year 1945.

Local Law Enforcement’s Role in Anti-terrorism and Home Land Security

The intensity of the September 11 attacks on American soil led to massive destruction of property, besides leaving thousands of innocent civilians dead. To many, the attacks revealed just how vulnerable the United States was to the cruel hand of global terrorism. The lessons learnt from the tragic incidences prompted immediate action on the part of the federal authorities, culminating in what became known as the war on terror whose overall objective was to completely eliminate, or at least minimize the potential danger posed by terrorists and terrorist organizations spread all over the globe. Beginning then, the fight against terrorism has become a shared responsibility, with various security, intelligence and law enforcement agencies involved in checking terrorist activity. Some of the major responsibilities include have included training on technologies such as airborne insertion equipment, rescuing hostages and using anti-terrorist weaponry. Although most of these have been assigned to specialized task forces such as the military and the Delta force, a critical evaluation also depicts the local enforcement agencies as instrumental in fighting terrorism and enhancing national security. Indeed, the attacks led to a significant redefinition of the role that federal, state, as well as local law enforcement authorities ought to play in as far as the prevention and interdiction of terrorist activity in the U. S. is concerned (Middlemiss and Gupta, 2007). Besides the traditional role of acting as critical incident managers and first responders, these agencies have been assigned a new task: that of handling the uncertainties occasioned by the threat of terrorism. The Role Played By Local Police Agencies in the Fight against Terrorism. As opposed to the military whose main preoccupation is that of protecting the country from eternal aggression, the main domain of local law enforcement agencies lies in the provision of homeland security. Due to the numerous security connections that state and local officials have established with institutions such as the Intelligence Community and the society in general, they usually tend to have an upper hand in detecting and preventing terrorist activity (Sauter and Carafano, 2005). It is in view of this reality that governments within the state and local levels have since embarked on an initiative of establishing antiterrorism and counterterrorism programs. The former entails the defensive or passive strategies employed to curb terrorism, while the latter involves proactive measures such as pursuing terrorist perpetrators and supporters (Sauter and Carafano, 2005, p. 261). In essence, the failure of such initiative to suffice in equipping law enforcement personnel with the basic as well as specialized skills of fighting terrorism implies that the local law enforcers assisted by other personnel would be the in the forefront should a terrorist attack occur. A preliminary study carried out by the Police Executive Research Forum in 2001 found that the local police played a vital responsibility in critical incidence response, information and intelligence sharing, enhancement of community stability after a major incident, and the establishment of multi-agency task forces (Police Executive Research Forum, 2003). However, one of the most remarkable findings of the survey was the strong belief expressed by these law enforcement agents: that they were now faced with an expanded role of terrorism prevention in such subfields as increasing community policing systems, intelligence gathering and information-sharing with the civilian fraternity. Nevertheless, training and conversancy with the nature of global terrorism as well as the need for upgrading terrorist attack-preparedness emerged as critical components if these agencies are to perform a greater role in antiterrorism initiatives. Since 2001, the role of local law enforcement agencies in the fight against terrorism has been transformed from a relatively amorphous form into a more distinct one with specific responsibilities and tasks. One of the areas in which the local police have continued to play is in the domain of terrorism prevention. In essence, the very complex nature of terrorism and terrorist groups makes it impossible for the federal law enforcers to effectively handle the threat posed by global terrorism. Working in close collaboration with the local communities, the local law enforcers have played a critical role of collecting vital information on personalities suspected to have links to terrorist groups. A critical evaluation depicts these agencies as better placed to make a objective assessment of community security fears and concerns identified as critical in effective fathering of intelligence information, particularly considering the ability of community policing to engage citizens, foster collective problem solving, and encourage information sharing based on mutual trust (Middlemiss and Gupta, 2007). By receiving and sharing information with state as well as federal agents while at the same time maintaining confidentiality especially in reference to sensitive information, the local police have been, and continue to be of great help in the fight against terrorism. Other terrorism prevention initiatives that they could be involved in include the identification, evaluation and reduction of the terrorist threat posed to local targets (Sauter and Carafano, 2005). Another domain in which the local law enforcement agencies should be actively involved in is in the domain of critical incident prevention, preparations and response (). One of the traditional roles in which the local police have been involved in is preparing and promptly responding to disasters such as Katrina. With the increasing threat of global terrorism however, such an approach has similarly been transferred to terrorist operations. Such efforts have included initiatives geared towards the derivation of early warning systems to detect the possibility of a terrorist attack. However, this role has also been expanded to security operations enhancement as well as establishing emergency medical teams. Besides, they have been involved in the establishment and implementation of local critical incident plans essential in the evaluation of the various waves of domestic and global terrorism (). However, the successful management of terrorist scenes requires that the local police work in close collaboration with state and federal agencies. Although numerous precautionary measures have been undertaken to prevent terrorist attacks similar to 9/11, the possibility of another attack, either by a foreign or domestic organization can not be ruled. As witnessed in 2001, such deadly attacks cause unprecedented trauma on those involved or their relatives. Thus, the local law enforcement agencies have to work closely with the local leaderships and the community in general in ensuring that such individuals recover from post-terrorist trauma. This could involve adopting effective strategies to alleviate the fear of potential attacks in future. In addition, the local police have to brace themselves with the complex security expectations that the affected community may place, including the provision of information and other extra services (Lyons, 2002). Besides the maintenance of manpower skilled in handling various terrorist challenges, local law jurisdictions have the responsibility of availing the resources necessary to implement antiterrorism and counterterrorism initiatives. Indeed, the reallocation of existing resources as well as the identification of new ones goes a long way in improving the security-preparedness of state and local officials (Sauter and Carafano, 2005). Such resources have been deployed to upgrade the capabilities of old security units in addition to establishing new ones. However, majority of the state and local authorities have increasingly faced numerous counterterrorism budget constrains which have posed as significant obstacles in the initiatives aimed at scaling up security measures. A number of these security initiatives have been funded by the federal government. Notably, the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security was aimed at consolidating most of the federal aid inclined to homeland security within the new department under the Office of State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness (Sauter and Carafano, 2005, p. 64). Some of the activities currently funded include the provision of equipment as well as training of officers on domestic counterterrorist procedures and activities. Nevertheless, the limited funds availed have sometimes precipitated a reduction of existing security functions, for instance, redirecting local intelligence fraternity from the traditional role of unraveling organized crime to that of countering terrorist activity. Conclusion. Although relative calm has been witnessed since the 2001 attacks on American soil, the fight against terrorism is far from over. This calls for concerted efforts amongst all the stakeholders involved. Based on past experience, the local law enforcement agencies can indeed play a pivotal role in the antiterrorism and counterterrorism initiatives. These not only include the initiation of preventive strategies, but also extend to prompt response during actual attacks, as well trauma management. However, various factors continue to present insurmountable challenges in the realization of this noble mission. Particularly, a significant number of local law enforcement agencies still grapple with the reality of maintaining a balance between the fight against terrorism on the one hand and deterrence, and prevention of other crimes on the other. In essence therefore, greater federal support and cooperation is essential in supplementing the efforts of local law enforcement agencies.

Emerging Political Tensions between Israel and Palestine Research Paper

Emerging Political Tensions between Israel and Palestine - Research Paper Example Palestine is controlled by two governing bodies i.e. Hamas in the Gaza Strip and Fatah in the West Bank. The division of governance has resulted in suspension of peace making attempts between Israel and Palestine. The recent war occurred in 2014, is a result of political tensions between the two states. This research paper focuses on the major political issues due to which peace-making attempts have been failing between the states. The conflicts between Israel and Palestine have become sensitive at present due to several issues. In the year 2006, the Palestinian Authority held elections in Gaza and the West Bank on the request of George W. Bush’s administration and Israeli support. Despite making attempts, Hamas won the majority of seats. The United States responded by cutting off aid to Palestinian Authority, on the other hand the Israelis withheld tax revenues they collected on Palestinian’s behalf. The Bush’s administration encouraged Abbas to go against Hamas with the help of Fatah and its chief Mohammad Dahlan (Brownlee 113). The circumstances were severe during the period and Fatah was defeated by Hamas in the battle. Finally Hamas took charge in Gaza. These situations became even worse when United States did not make any attempt to talk to the new formed government. The Israelis started to block exports from Gaza, which led to drop of per capita income to 17 percent in the year 2011, compared to 2005. The Israelis even banned exports to the West Bank, which made the life of people worse in Gaza. The people of Gaza were suffering from unemployment and malnutrition on a very high scale. The circumstances forced Hamas to attack Israelis, for the benefit of their people and save his government. The attacks disturbed the life of people and most of the citizens were exposed to threat. The occurrence of cold-war was merely due to the political issues that happened in the year 2006.  

Multicultural Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Multicultural Counseling - Essay Example Hence besides acquiring knowledge of the shared values, it also becomes necessary to acquiring knowledge of the different values in the class system among the African Americans. After all each individual is unique and needs to be looked at it from this perspective, in the counseling process. The common cultural values prevalent in African American communities are essentially those of the African American communities originating in West Africa. These cultural values on various points clash with those of the dominant white cultural values. For instance the American cultural values are oriented towards individualism, competition, material accumulation, nuclear families, religion, religion as distinct from the other parts of culture and domination of nature. This is in sharp contrast to the to the values dominant in the African American communities with importance given to the collective over the individual, kinship and affiliation, extended families, spirituality, connectedness, harmony with nature, and holistic thinking. Centuries of racist practice have made all African Americans view the whites as a dominating community and the variance in cultural values have caused the African American to have the view that the white cultural values are being thrust on them, and do not want anything to with them, as a sign of their freedom from white dominance. This feeling is bound to be more intense in the lower classes of society, as there is a tendency to lay the blame of their social position on the attempts of the whites to dominate them. Changing socio-economics among the African Americans have brought with it a growing middle class of society to the African Americans. This class of African American society, while retaining the common cultural values is more amenable to understanding and accepting the values of the dominant white community (Baytops, Day-Vines, & Patton, 2003). Cultural

Problems Faced by a Fictional Organization in which the Solutions are Term Paper

Problems Faced by a Fictional Organization in which the Solutions are Presented by Knowledge of the Core Learning Outcomes - Term Paper Example Efficiency means to achieve the best results using the minimum amount of resources. Effectiveness implies being able to perform a work task good and in a timely manner. Recycling is a practice that increases the efficiency of the company by processing the recycled material and subsequently using it as raw material for production. Recycling is one if the hottest green practices throughout the world because it is safeguarding our natural resources by reducing the consumption in the limited reserves of certain important commodities such as petroleum. A second example of efficiency is after a downsizing strategy being able to produce the same output with a lower amount of workers. A third example of efficiency could be changing the inventory acquisition strategy of the company to a just-in-time mechanism. Another example of efficiency is performing inventory audits to determine the presence of expired or obsolete merchandise would should disposed off and written off the accounting books. A person is effective when they select to purchase at the same store instead of shopping at three or more places because the customer achieves time and gasoline. Effectiveness can be achieved in the workplace by sharing the work tasks in an equal manner without forcing one employee of doing too much. â€Å"The four functions of management are plan, organize, direct, and control† (Rue & Byars, 2011). Planning involves creating objectives, goals, and action plans for the future. In finance the use of pro-forma financial statements is an example of planning because it provides forecasts of financial statements for future period of time. Pro forma financial statements are typically prepared up to three years in the future. Planning can also be used to estimate the resource the company is going to need in the future. When an organization visits college campus to recruit students they are planning for their future human resource needs. Budgets are prepared to determine what purcha ses a company must perform during a fiscal year. The second function of management is organizing. The resources of the company must be well organized in order to optimize its use (Buzzle, 2011). An example of an organization practice dealing with human resources is separating employees in work groups. Managers that are organized a better able to deal with the pressures and stress the profession causes. The third managerial function is directing. Managers direct their employees through motivation. Direction also means overseen the work performed by the workers in the company. Direction works best when the employees are able to provide feedback and can contradict the manager without any repercussion for expressing their opinion. The fourth managerial function is control. Control can be achieved by providing specific guideless and processes to perform at work. Control involves evaluating the employees work and taking corrective actions to fix the problems. Controls mechanism can be use d to safe guard the assets of the company to put cameras at point of sale terminals and in the warehouse where the inventory is located. Leadership and management are two completely different concepts, but they are often interconnected. â€Å"Leadership can define as a special case of interpersonal influence that gets an individual or group to do what the dealer wants

Admission proposal (Topic Data Mining) Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Admission (Topic Data Mining) - Research Proposal Example The need has motivated my desire to complete a PhD program on the subject and I believe that your supervision and capacity of your institution offers me the best opportunity to complete the program and to develop and influence implementation of the proposed framework. Existing literature identifies significance and challenges of data mining. Search techniques ensure availability of data for mining purposes (Weber and Horn 2013, p. 31), and this suggests ease of data mining and its popularity in organizations. FinancialPro.org is an example of sites that aid data search and its efficiency in availing data is a threat to data privacy and security. Roles of applications such as NoSQL in transforming data management also identify the need for â€Å"governance and stewardship† in operating data (Stiglich 2014, p. 22). Until the year 2013, according to Chen, et al (2013, p. 908), the available technique for ensuring privacy of data in data mining was inefficient and destroyed original data. While ensuring privacy achieved an ethical objective in data use, destroying original data established threats to reliability and validity of availed data. A new approach, which could be subject to other weaknesses, was therefore proposed. Current laws also i dentify a gap in regulating data mining because even though privacy laws exist, the scope of electronic data, especially data third parties possesses, undermines effectiveness of privacy laws. The United States’ fourth amendment suffers this weakness (Harvard Law Review 2014, p. 691) and situations in other countries such as Oman and Singapore suggest lack of suitable legal frameworks across many countries (Chesterman 2014, p. 51). While privacy establishes legal and ethical concerns over data mining, benefits of data mining are necessary for the contemporary environment. Moderating use of data mining is the solution and implementing the study will aid this. The following research question will be investigated. A