Perinatal Mental Health Midwife

Application for Temporary perinatal health midwife There is increasing awareness of perinatal mental health as a public health issue. The Government is keen for midwives to further develop their role in public health. Midwives need to be adequately prepared to take on a more developed role in perinatal mental health if practice improvements are to be made. I am aware that death from psychiatric causes has been the leading cause of maternal death for the last few years. Although the most recent Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health indicated that this is no longer a leading cause, mental health problems before and after childbirth have a significant impact on the health of women, family relationships and children’s subsequent development. I believe that midwives need to be able to detect women with current mental health problems and those at high risk of a serious mental illness following delivery, in order to improve the care and support offered to them throughout their contact with maternity services. One of the most serious areas where we see ongoing harm is in adult mental health. Recent research shows that a large proportion of adult mental health problems can be laid at the door of early childhood. We need to consider the likely future effects of not breaking the cycle while these people are young. The ACE Study estimates that 54 per cent of current depression and 58 percent of suicide attempts in women can be attributed to adverse childhood experiences, which also correlate with later high levels of alcohol and drug consumption. In order to screen systematically and sensitively, and to enable them to refer on appropriately, I feel that midwives need to understand why they are asking questions about mental health; how to encourage women to disclose past and current problems; what the risks of recurrence and relapse are; and what services are available in their area of practice. 1|Page I feel very strongly that having post graduate qualifications and experience like my own in counselling and different approaches to psychotherapy are essential attributes for this post. The facts about childbirth and mental illness are startling (reference, Oates M 2001): About one in ten women will develop postnatal depression after delivery. < After psychosis (puerperal) postnatal develop will women 500 in one> Suicide is one of the leading causes of maternal death in the UK. A woman is 20 times more likely to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital in the two weeks after delivery than at any time in the two years before or after. Despite this, talking about and confronting the issue of mental illness during pregnancy or the postnatal period still poses challenges for healthcare professionals. Motherhood is loaded with emotive expectation. This contributes to a large number of cases of perinatal mental illness going undiagnosed. This can have serious consequences including poor bonding between mother and baby; reduced quality of life for the mother, baby and father; prolonged disability caused by living with an untreated serious mental illness; and potential risk to the health and safety of the mother, baby or other family member, either through neglect or harm due to illness. As a midwife with 20 yrs of clinical practice and with some experience as a service user, I was pivotal in setting up the current bereavement service and have been Counselling women and their families at West Middlesex Hospital since June 2009. I also have experience of providing supportive psychotherapy to a diverse range of clients with differing pathologies in a primary care and private setting since 1999. In my Role as Midwifery Matters facilitator (2007-2009) South East Strategic Health Authority, I regularly travelled across the patch, giving presentations to multi professional audiences. I am confident in designing, producing and presenting a 2|Page range of presentations, including role play, power point, interpersonal workshops and formal lecture format. I have experience in writing academic papers (published) and information leaflets, guidelines and information posters. I am a naturally creative person who enjoys implementing evidence based practice change at a strategic and operational level. I am very excited about the opportunity to be potentially involved with designing an E-learning package. Whilst working with other experts in this industry I have gained some knowledge in the process of elearning development. I think that routine antenatal and postnatal care present an excellent opportunity to screen the mental health of pregnant women and women with a new baby. To do this effectively however, requires working more collaboratively across different professions to meet the needs of our patients. Having the post of a specialist midwife in mental health could allow me to provide focused care to pregnant women with mental illness. This could include co-morbid substance & alcohol misuse problems. I envisage the role as working closely with a perinatal psychiatry team at W. M. U. H and as an important point of liaison between the other midwives, especially safeguarding and case loading midwives, obstetricians, health visitors, child and family social services, obstetricians in the hospital, and mental health services. A useful means to achieve partnership working would be for the S. M. M. H to attend the weekly midwifery team meeting. Here, all midwifery community and labour ward teams meet to discuss the caseload and update the antenatal progress notes. This provides a valuable opportunity for potential referrals to be discussed, both with the specialist mental health midwife and the perinatal lead psychiatrist/obstetrician. Many women will prefer and only require additional support and advice from a midwife with specialist expertise, rather than see a psychiatrist. However, some pregnant women will need to see a perinatal psychiatrist for expert advice, for example, if having severe mental illness, or to discuss medications in pregnancy or breastfeeding. 3|Page The referrals could be women with a history of mental illness during childbirth or preexisting mental illness who are now pregnant. However, quite often at booking or routine antenatal checks, midwives may pick up new onset psychological distress in pregnant women who have no history of mental illness. Women may at first feel more inclined to disclose things to a midwife rather than a psychiatrist or doctor. This may include apprehension or fear centred on the impending delivery itself, increased general anxieties about coping, depression or other psychological symptoms. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines (2007) on antenatal and postnatal mental health have sought to address this, suggesting that at a woman’s first contact with primary care, at her booking visit and postnatally (usually at four to six weeks and three to four months), healthcare professionals (including midwives, obstetricians, health visitors and general practitioners) should routinely ask the following two screening questions to identify possible depression: During the past month, have you often been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless? During the past month, have you often been bothered by having little interest or pleasure in doing things? A third question should be considered if the woman answers â€Å"yes’ to either of the initial questions: Is this something you feel you need or want help with? As a specialist mental health midwife, I would want to scope the current service and rapidly undertake a gap analysis to work towards providing equal access to perinatal mental health services. I could provide consultation and advice with the knowledge and skills that I already have and from which I accrue whilst undertaking my MSc in Psychodynamic approaches to Mental Health. I could perhaps investigate the possibility of providing a link to the local mother and baby unit. 4|Page In This role I could also act as a useful resource for other staff and support other midwives with their clients. They can be involved at an early stage in antenatal care and assist with monitoring women who may be developing or at risk of mental illness in childbirth. They can link up between physical and mental healthcare and can work in partnership with pregnant women to develop care plans for their individual needs. Having this post would give me the opportunity to hopefully address the stigma around mental illness and childbirth and improve screening and detection of women who need further specialist help — ultimately improving clinical outcomes and quality of life for new mothers and their families and long term financial benefits to the Trust and the N. H. S. A study of provision of perinatal mental health services has already been undertaken in two English strategic health authorities: views and perspectives of the multiprofessional team. Reports and policy recommendations have highlighted the need for early detection, appropriate referral and management. (Rowan1, McCourt 2 & Bick 3 (2010) This study has reported the in-depth views of relevant healthcare professionals on the extent to which perinatal mental health services are meeting policy and practice guidance. Their views highlight that although there have been developments in service provision, gaps persist particularly with respect to appropriate ongoing identification of needs and appropriate follow-up of women. Real challenges for the maternity ervices persist in relation to complex boundary issues that impacts on opportunities to support effective continuity of care and funding issues. Additionally, examples of good practice may still depend on the initiative and commitment of individual professionals, rather than the support of the organisation, including dedicated resources. Further research is required to ascertain the extent to which resource issues and t he drive to cut NHS healthcare budgets are limiting appropriate service provision for women with perinatal mental health needs. 5|Page There is always a need to elicit the views of the women who use the service. I would approach this by Iinking with our existing Maternity Service Liason comittee and carrying out appropriate patient satisfaction surveys and audit. References Felitti V & Anda RF (2008) ‘The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult health, wellbeing, social function and healthcare’ in R Lanius & E Vermetten (Eds) The Hidden effects of unresolved trauma. 134Epidemic: The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease, Cambridge University Press, Mary Ross-Davie, Sandra Elliott, Anindita Sarkar, Lucinda Green British Journal of Midwifery 14(6): 330 – 334 (Jun 2006) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 007. Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance. NICE clinical guideline 45. London: NICE. Oates M. 2001. Perinatal maternal mental health services. Recommendations for provision of services for childbearing women. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists Cathy Rowan1 RM, PGCEA, MA. Christine M cCourt2 BA, PhD. Debra Bick3 RM, BA, MedSc, PhD. (2010) Evidence based Midwifery:Volume 8 (2010)  » issue 3  » Provision of perinatal mental health services in two English strategic health authorities: views and perspectives of the multi-professional team.. 6|Page

My Personalized Nutrition and Exercise Plan Essay

My current health problem that I am experiencing is my weight problem. I weigh one hundred and ninety pounds. I am unhappy about it and I also cannot afford to buy new pants due to my big size. A lot of the women and a few of the men in my family do suffer from being overweight or obese. Currently I am not obese but I am overweight for my age and height. I am five foot four and my healthy weight is between one hundred thirty pounds and one hundred forty pounds. Being overweight has affected me by lowering my self esteem and has pushed me into a weird sort of depression. Being down and depressed in not who I am and not someone I want to be. Making healthy choices now and changing my situation will help me greatly with not only my physical health but also my mental. Today’s insurance companies are not realizing that mental health is just as important as physical health. My realistic nutrition plan for me is very simple. Stop eating junk foods and stop drinking soda. Discontinuing the consuming of soda is not a hard thing for me to do as long as I get some caffeine throughout the day. In the morning I leave earlier for work so I can pick up a coffee and a blue berry muffin from a coffee house. Then for lunch at work I eat fruit and drinking juice or water. I work in a grocery store, so it is easy for me to find and obtain healthy foods and drinks, but it is also very tempting to grab that candy bar at the check-out. For dinner it varies since then I am at home, but I watch that I only eat once and I do not for back for seconds. The motivation for me not to grab that candy bar or any other truly unhealthy food, is that I am simply tired of being overweight. Motivation was a hard thing for me to do since I do not have a problem with what individuals think of me. I have already started this diet and I have already lost some weight, since it is simple it works for me and I do not have the feeling that I am getting stressed out by what I cannot have. My recommended amount of calories for me to consume a day going by my age and sex, is between 1,600 and 2,200 calories a day depending on my level of activity. My realistic exercise plan includes doing two sets of ten crunches and running on my elliptical for ten minutes. At work I break down our deliveries which can be a hard task depending on how heavy the boxes are. When we get a typically truck there are usually about one hundred fifty pieces on it. Half that is lunch meat, a quarter of it is meat that comes in already packaged and the other quarter is the meat that the butchers cut up for steaks and roasts. I cannot lift the boxes that come for the butchers but I do lift all the other stuff. Lunch meat consists of taking a box off the pallet and putting it on a cart. Do that about fifty times and that feels just like a workout, so I do feel like I do get exercise at work as well as at home. That may seem small and not a lot of exercise, but I am out of shape and I lose interest very quickly with working out. So this is a way where I am baby stepping my way into it and it does not take a lot out of me. When I do not feel strain from doing those exercises then I will increase my number of sets and I will run five minutes more. According to the mypyramid plan, I am in good standing with my work out plan. It is not an aggressive one but it works for and I am seeing results. When I feel like I can push myself I do try to do more. My goals for achieving my weight loss and a more healthy lifestyle is by eliminating foods that are basically junk, like chips, candy, greasy fast food, and soda. That alone is not enough because I also have to begin consuming foods that are healthy. I already love fruits and some vegetables, so switching to those foods will be easy. Instead of snacking on some chips I can get some baby carrots and snack on those. Another healthy switch that I make is instead of going to the deli at my work and getting fried chicken I go to produce and get a fruit cup, and I avoid the bakery. Beginning to eat healthy is not very difficult for me since I do like many healthy foods, stopping eating the junk is hard for me. I am getting my daily fruit servings at work and at home by eating fruit cups which are low in calorie, and I also keep some bananas and oranges in my kitchen. So my four goals for my nutrition is to make sure that I do not eat junk regularly, that I keep track of my calories and that I keep in mind what my goals are. Goal one, to make sure I eat my daily recommended servings of fruit and vegetables. My actions to make sure I reach that goal everyday is to eat a fruit cup at work and when I get home eat a piece of fruit. To make sure that I get my servings of vegetables is to make a can or corn or green beans ith my dinner, if I want to snack then eat some baby carrots. Goal two, make sure to eat breakfast. Breakfast is the first meal of the day and it is also what starts your metabolism for the day as well. When you do not eat breakfast the slower your metabolism works throughout the day. On days I have to work I stop by a coffee house and grab a blueberry muffin and a coffee for my breakfast and when I do not I eat two bowls of cereal for my breakfast. Goal three, to make sure I do active things at home and that I do cave to my cravings for junk food. I put those two together under one goal because I can balance it better that way. Whenever I crave junk food I get up and do something to take my mind off of it. Clean the house or run a couple minutes to get it off my mind. It is a great plan since my house stays clean and I get to expel some energy. Goal four, to not look at the scale more than twice a week. This goal my seem weird and off since I am trying to lose weight and be healthy. I find that because I am trying hard to lose weight that looking at the scale everyday would be what I should do, but if I look at it and I do not see what I think I should see I may lose motivation. Losing motivation to stay healthy and lose weight would very bad since I am overweight as it is, being one hundred eighty seven and I am a short five foot four. On to the setbacks or any hang-ups that might come along. I find that I do love chocolate and my cravings go nuts around the female time of the month. What I can do to help avoid the craziness is to make sure that I buy one pint of ice cream and that is all I have to make it last the week. Since the servings for one of those is typically run between 2-4 servings I will not eat way too much of it and probably only consume half a serving or less. I know that is cheating on my diet, but I feel like I would talk myself into binging and that would be worst than spreading out a couple servings of ice cream over the week. The one main motivation that I have for keeping true to my goals is that I simply cannot afford my bad habits anymore. Funny how that can be, but I cannot afford to keep buying new wardrobe every time I gain some weight. Clothes are expensive and I work a miminum paying job, so I find it difficult to have to keep paying a lot of money for things I cannot afford. My other motivator is that I am tired that when I climb the stairs I get winded, and since those stairs are to my apartment I am reminded every day. So I have every day reminders when I get to the top of the stairs tired or when I cannot get my jeans to fit right. I am not someone who is looking to lose some vanity pounds and I am also not looking to have a perfectly flat stomach, I am simply looking to slim down a bit and look healthy. How I will judge success is by how my body feels, I have been on my diet for a week know and I have already lost four pounds, before I wrote this paper I was already doing what I said for about a week. During that week I lost four pounds bring me down from one hundred ninety one pounds to the one eighty seven that I am now. The potential risks of me conintuing on the path that I was the next step, obesity. With mainly my fat being around my middle that increases my chances of having heart problems, high blood pressure, and many other awful problems that were avoidable if they were caused by me being obese. Since I am not conditioning or heavily exercising, I could keep this plan through my age with changing a few things depending how my health is through my life. When I grow older I will have to make sure that I get more calcium due to the fact that when I age my bones will be just as old and will need help and assistance in keeping their strength. Making sure I am getting enough fiber to keep my digestion, since I have noticed in my family we develop digestion issues, but usually everyone has digestion problems and their metabolism starts to slow down when we age. The changes in the weather will slightly affect my exercise plan more than anything. During the summer I can go swimming and take walks more often. The winter is so cold and that takes away both swimming and walking outside. Since I am starting my exercise and diet plan in the winter I will not be strayed due to the fact that I have to remain inside all of a sudden. I started doing my diet and my exercise plan during the winter. I am more active during the warmer months so that will help when it comes to me staying healthy and keep the calories burning. The only thing I see stopping me from keeping the weigh off is if I become pregnant, which I do want very badly. If I become pregnant I will have to increase my calorie intake to about 2,800 to help keep me and the baby healthy. Increasing the amounts of food I eat does not mean I get to eat whatever I want to have. Increasing the healthy foods I eat will help me staying on track with my diet and also give the baby healthy sustenance. Being pregnant will affect my exercise plan, instead of running on the elliptical I will take walks and instead of crunches I will focus more on dancing lightly. When I imputed dancing lightly in the mypyramid plan it was the activity that I did that burned the most calories and it is the one that would affect the baby less.

Prison Life and Strategies to Decrease Recidivism Research Paper

Prison Life and Strategies to Decrease Recidivism - Research Paper Example One of the concerns that a person encounters upon entering prison is the lack of freedom to seek the health care provider one desires. The condition inside prison cells, such as congested spaces, limited movement, the mixture of cultures, etc. might have a toll upon the mental and physical health of an inmate. Thus, adequate health service must be provided inside the prison so that the health of the prisoner can be adequately managed. The Bureau of Prisons provides four levels of medical care to which inmates are assigned by the Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC) based on the information gathered from the investigation report. Upon arrival at the facility, the provisional care for the inmate is reviewed by the prison clinicians. Non-provisional care is assigned depending on the needs of the inmate, which takes into consideration the ability to function without assistance from another (Ellis, 2008). Provision of medical care to inmates also varies depending sentence or status of the case. Thus, inmates whose sentence has not been read, those with the sentence below 12 months, or pre-trial inmates are not eligible to â€Å"medically appropriate-not always necessary† health service, â€Å"limited medical value,† as well as â€Å"extraordinary† service. Some categories of illnesses such as cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc. may also determine the type of care that may be given to the inmate.The medical services provided by the Bureau are determined by the following levels of medical intervention.

Apple's SWOT Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apple's SWOT Analysis - Term Paper Example It is one of the largest technology companies in the world (David B. Yoffie, Renee Kim, 2010). A strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the company reveals a lot of issues surrounding the business operations, its resources and its environment. It is worth to investigate all these issues if a person wants to invest in any company. This is because the tool provides information that can be used by investors to predict the company’s operational trends, its financial viability and its markets before investing in it (USDA, 2008). Apple Company has so many strengths that put it ahead of its competitors. The first strength is its brand such that it was rated the best global brand in 2010 by Millward brown Optimor. It increased in value by 84% to $153.3 billion. Its customers are also loyal to apple such that they tend to forgive the company’s product problems. This is a huge strength that most companies strive to get and fail (Millward brown Optimor, 2 011). A second strength is demand; apple’s products are of high demand especially the iTunes that has given the company a huge number of registered users already secured by credit cards. The popularity of its products that have become common street names has increased the demand for its products too (David B. Yoffie, Renee Kim, 2010). A third strength is the design and innovativeness in the products they produce. Apples products aesthetic values keeps their customers glued to the company despite the fact that the products are of premium pricing. On the other hand apple’s products have a unique design that allows consumers to be up and running even without reading product manuals, due to this aspect they have set the standards for design which other companies must follow to outwit them (Stefan Thomke, 2009). The fourth strength is its marketing approach; apple was awarded the title of Marketer of the decade by Advertising Age. It was the first firm to ever receive this title. The company has been able to influence the media, the advertising industry and popular culture through its innovative techniques and marketing approaches that puts it on the fore front as a marketing powerhouse (Appleinsider , 2010). The last strength that can be identified is Apple’s retail stores that are located in many countries. These retail stores ensure that the come continues to receive revenue without having to rely on new product developments. Apple has a few weaknesses that affect the company in its day to day operations though the strengths identified above seem to outweigh the weaknesses. The first weakness is the delay that was especially experienced on iPads. There were shipping problems with the products and also the companies are always put on waiting lists in order to receive products which delay and come with numerous other problems. The second weakness has to do with the way the company reacts to complaints from customers. Most of the time it, will deny the existence of a problem on their products and later come to correct. This was experienced especially with the iPhone 4G that had a problem with its antennae. The problem was corrected later after a long period of accusing customers of mishandling the phones (D.Burton, 2010 ). The third weakness has to do with compatibility issues. Apple has been very protective of the kind of applications to be developed

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 15

Human Resource Management - Essay Example The expatriate managers has to play a very significant role in the sustainability in foreign market as they have better knowledge regarding the company so that it can able to identify the areas of changes to be incorporated in business unit present in the foreign land (Miles, 1995, p.24). This section will attempt to discuss and present issues faced by a MNC company and to offer a set of plausible recommendation. Background and Issues Raised in the Case Study Fidelity Plc is primarily a UK-based IT consultancy MNC, present in a number of countries like France, India, Germany, China etc. From the very beginning of its internationalisation, Fidelity went expanding its business units in foreign count in an unsystematic way causing loose management. It means that Fidelity has failed to assess the necessary factors in foreign markets like cultural differences and internal capabilities like competent managers. Moreover, it has not also offered proper training to its managers for managing the international business units. Noe et al, have identified three necessary assessments for global expansion i.e. organisational, task and person analysis (Noe et al, 2007, p261). However, the prevailing management of Fidelity has identified three major issues for managing subsidiaries companies. Firstly, it needs to recruit competent managers who are able understand basis needs to organisation and can play a vital role in international business development.

Taxation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Taxation - Coursework Example There are many reasons why taxation is practiced by the government in any country. One of the main reasons is to pay expenditures for the government. The expenditures includes, paying for the public expenditures that happen in the daily life like cleaning the environment and maintenance of the cities. All this is managed by the government and catered for by the revenues the citizens are taxed. The country may lack enough revenues and decide to borrow which is not a secure act. It is good for the country to maintain its economy by using more of the taxation money for such expenses in order to avoid dangers like inflation. By doing so, the public goods produced in the country and the merits can be well be provided from the taxation fee than borrowing the fee from outside country which may affect the country very heavily. The current UK budget can clearly show how the taxation is utilized by introducing austerity measures which raise the VAT and cut the costs of the public services. Rec ently, billions of cash was cut from the budget of the new coalition government of the UK. All the departments except the health and oversee aid cut their spending to over 25 percent where by it created a chance of making 750, 000 new jobs (Finney 2005). This looks because the government has created new job opportunities in the country. Another reason for taxation is for the government to correct the market failure. The government has the right to intervene into the individual markets in the country to govern them and correct them by lowering or raising their taxes. This is majorly to increase or decrease the demand of the goods and services. The demand of demerits goods such as cigarette can be reduced by increasing its taxes. This is for the better of the country by discouraging the citizens not to be taking the cigarettes and polluting the environment. On the other hand, products like books and educational goods can be exempted from raising the taxes and

Why do many economists argue for outward orientation and export Essay

Why do many economists argue for outward orientation and export promotion to the industrialization of East Asia - Essay Example According to large proportion of economics, countries that have relied on outward orientation as a strategy for development and industrialization have done better than those countries that in contrary adopted inward orientation (Edwards, 1989, p. 1). More specifically, outward orientation is a trade policy characterized with absence of bias against exports, active promotion of exports and low trade barriers (Mody, 1999, p. 2). Firms face equal incentives to produce for the home as well export markets, same time emerging exporters are given quite high levels of initial market protection. Outward orientation is an absence of bias against exports (Bromley, Mackintosh and Brown, 2004, p. 69). An inward orientation is an attempt to withdraw from the full participation of a country in the world economy. It supports import substitution that is the production of goods at home to be encouraged as it would otherwise to be imported. An outward orientation strategy is an attepmt to participate in international trade by encouraging resource allocation without any price distortions. Outward orientation is thus an application of production according to comparative advantage (Appleyard, Field and Cobb, 2005, p. 427). Economists argue for the outward orientation to industrialize East Asia because it is highly useful strategy to enhance and improve the economic performance of the country.

Impact of Leadership and Motivation on Organizational Culture and Essay

Impact of Leadership and Motivation on Organizational Culture and Performance - Essay Example A review of a considerable proportion of existing literature that has been published in the field of leadership and its impacts on organizational culture and performance finds that these three factors have been independently interconnected. Experiential researchers have mentioned that a true leader will always play a crucial role in enhancing organizational culture and subsequently performance. Furthermore, a number of aspects of the organizational culture literature imply that the role played by leaders in a critical enabler of creation and maintenance of specific types of culture. Equally, the literature published in the field of leadership states that the capability of understanding and work in a culture is a prerequisite to becoming an effective leader. However, in spite of the inherent and explicit linkage between leadership, organizational culture and performance are segments of organizational theory, very little concentration has been devoted to understanding the association b etween the concepts and the effect that such a relationship may have on organizational performance. The deficiency of critical literature exploring the performance repercussion of the links between leadership and organizational culture is highly surprising given the fact that there are plenty of reference regarding the references to the importance of leadership and organizational culture as far as the smooth functioning of an organization is concerned. A brief overview of the history of literature regarding the topic of leadership finds that the researches on leadership and organizational performances can be broadly classified into a number of relevant categories. Early researches on leadership emphasized on identifying the personality traits that characterized successful leaders. According to trait theories successful leaders are born and they have certain instinctive qualities that differentiate them from no leaders. However, the difficulty in classifying and corroborating these a ttributes led to a pervasive criticism that in turn paved way for the emergence of style and behavioral leadership approaches. Behavioral and style oriented leadership shifted the focus away from the attributes possessed by leaders to the behavior exhibited by them.

The Things They Carried ( Tim o'brien) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Things They Carried ( Tim o'brien) - Essay Example Kathleen has been used symbolically to represent the reader. Just like the reader, she responds to the author. Her age and relationship with the storyteller, affects the manner in which he relays and conveys what happens. Just like the reader, Kathleen hears the story for the first time from her father (O’ Brien 32). Another symbolic figure in the story is the young Vietnamese soldier who is dead, constantly appearing in O’Brien’s nightmares, visions, and hallucinations. This symbolizes guilt over horrible acts in war. O ‘Brien had thrown a grenade during war four years ago, but was not certain whether he had killed a man. The author has also used the character Linda symbolically to represent how it is possible to bring back pats elements through storytelling and imagination. Linda was O’ Brien’s classmate who died in fifth grade of brain tumor (O’ Brien 132). She symbolizes O’ Brien’s believe that storytelling can be used to negotiate confusion and pain. She was his first love and his first experience of death. Through her, the author communicates that through imagination, the past can be brought to the present, and the dead made

Domain Name System Essay Example for Free

Domain Name System Essay From an IT management perspective, setting up a DHCP server would really depend on the size of the company. A DNS server could be recommended in any setting for faster browsing and recognition of sites. If your network is running the same Operating systems and it uses a name resolution method other than DNS, you can continue to use that method without needing DNS. If your network is running different operating systems, or it connects to the Internet, you will want to deploy DNS as the Internet consists of protocols that require DNS. Justifying setting up either server really depends on the admin, but if you think about it managing two computers statically is nothing compared to having to mange twenty computers statically. Having only two computers set up statically on a network will not be very time consuming having to change the setup if something on the network is replaced. Assigning client addresses automatically is by far the easiest option of the two. When setting up a DHCP server and leaving room for growth on the subnet you use, can also save time when installing new computers on the network. It would save the time of manually having to configure any new computers. Not to mention it takes way less time configuring a DHCP server than it would to configure each computer statically. Obviously you would want to pre-allocate IP addresses for fixed hosts such as routers, servers or even printers. These you would set up on the DHCP server as reserved addresses and set them statically on the devices.

Leadership: A Personal Opinion

Leadership: A Personal Opinion Leadership is everywhere if we see minutely in our society. In my point of view, leadership is about personality and genuineness. It is about winning possession for changing something and improving it than you found it. And when that change functions with responsibility, it gains admiration. Leadership is practised daily in learning institutions, homes and offices. A leader is a person who helps without being asked. I have exposed leadership by helping my brother in his studies or playing with him. Good leadership actions are defined as working with patient within groups, creating roles, replying to feedback in an suitable manner, and discussing with others. During group work, students gain knowledge of personal and social responsibility, feelings of different cultures and personalities, and get an idea of how the character of leadership can influence group efforts. One day I was sitting in my home and thinking about the examples of good leaders, I saw my mom busy in homely activities, I observed her minutely and found her a great leader. I thought that my mom never loses sight of her vision she has for her children-giving a healthy and protected atmosphere where her children can nurture and prosper. Moms can be found busy in diverse household responsibilities, searching down craft supplies for a plan their children only memorized today was required tomorrow, and at the same time as examining this adjacent to managing the demands of structuring their professional life. And yet, in spite of all these different demands for their attention, moms do not forget about their vision. Similarly, in the world of business, there are numerous demands made for the consideration of leaders. Like our mothers have exposed us, however, this shouldn’t take our concentration away from what’s significant or required for the business to expand and flourish. A good leader always shows patience in the making for the desired conclusion. There’s one thing which we all identify about our mothers is that they can show a lot of tolerance with good reason. Upbringing of a child is barely a textbook affair the same as there’s always somewhat unpredicted that will come down and damage the best-laid plans. Occasionally this is a consequence of a child not performing what they’re told; sometimes it can be a child getting sick on the day you have a tight schedule at work. Whatsoever the case, mothers have learned to tackle with these kind of situations as they know that their hard work will recompense in the long run. Similarly the businesses repeatedly concentrating on making and gathering periodical forecasts, it’s effortless to demonstrate less patience or interest in hard work that require more long-term philosophy and management. However, as mothers represent so well through their activities, the best stuffs do come to those who are patient. A good leader motivates their team to be self-reliant. Mothers are also very expert in motivating their children to turn out to be more self-reliant as they grow up. One require to observe at of how mothers work from looking after of their children’s laundry to asking them to tidying their rooms to be pleased about the willingness mothers have to see their children grip the responsibilities they used to do for their kids as they grown-up from small children into young adults. Motherliness is not something one imagines about as being a valuable role to increase some insights into how to guide others agreed that the relation between a mother and her child is totally dissimilar from that among an employer and their employees. And yet, if we seem at this from the standpoint of the life course we find out as children from our moms, we can observe some useful things that can assist us better value of how to move towards the role of leadership in our organizations. Emotional Intelligence is such an important aspect. In our case Emotional Intelligence comes and play a role in our professional life. Where a team leader in a specific project or organization is expected of being productive no matter what he might face difficulties leading his team to success. I think this perception is significant because it describes one of the principal human interactions we experience in our daily life. Regardless of whom you are or what you do, sometime you will have to cooperate with people surrounding you. People have to request for help, work as a team, and guide other people. These responsibilities cant be done without having a knowledge of human emotions. I have to deal with this conception on a daily basis when I interrelate with friends, family, and colleagues. I believe the best way for me to communicate to this concept is contrasting how I connected to people when I was in basic school to today. When I was a kid I found it very tough to talk with older people because I didn’t know how to deal with them. But at present I can talk to anyone I want to and find out what tone I need to have to get their value. Moral Intelligence is such an important aspect to enhancing business/organization performance and leadership success which should be considered from a leader point of view as a critical aspect. At first Emotional intelligence, then Moral Intelligence we studied. According to Lennick and Kiel, both management consultants, define moral intelligence as the ability to differentiate right from wrong as defined by universal principles†. My friend told me about his boss, he said his boss wants to create a gullible workplace; he can get better moral intelligence by mentoring workforce to track his example of human principles. He tells workers to stop making justifications for ignoring deadlines, coming not on time or other activities influencing badly the workplace. He asks that worker should take care of each other with kindness and admiration. He reminds workers that everybody commit mistakes and to be broad-minded of each others deficiency. Flourishing teamwork is made on a basis of trust. Each associate of the team must set up trust; grow trust through his performance and verbal skill, and work to keep it. Each associate also wants to be able to belief his team members to create a promise to the team and its objectives, work expertly with those aims in mind, and talk constantly about any issues that influence the team. A combined and gullible team atmosphere permits team members to share private information and build up a stronger bond with their team members. My football team relied on the teamwork. As we play a match against another team, that opponent team made a goal. Adam started blaming and Cole blamed Adam and as a result we lost the match. We decided to play a match against this team after one month and I explained to both the players that if they cooperate with each other we will be able to win the game. They understood what I said and when the match was played they worked together and made us victorious. In my point of view, ethics has to play a main role in the personality of a leader. One of the arguments to show that situational leadership is not manipulating is to agree to the main goal of the organization. I think a professional team member should understand that being led is not being manipulated as long as it serve the company to be more successful. In other words, If we are in an organization, a professional should not think at any time that he is being manipulated and to measure that is to know how relative is it to the mission statement and vision statement of that organization, a team member has to look at the big picture and not take anything personal, here I have to mention the need of last week subject which was Emotional Intelligence and how it will help to differentiate between the situational leadership vs Manipulation. Consistent to leading to achieve the best and potential plans for the organization. The true example of situational leadership is surgeons in an oper ation theatre. Situational leadership is exercised by surgeons in the operation theatres particularly during dealing with emergency cases and crucial operations. A doctor leading the other doctors in an operation theatre is a specialist in surgeries, but when an urgent situation calls or during the operation problems arise, a surgeon has to make decision instantaneously according to the patients state. The best thing in a situational leader is his skill to bend according to the situation what is happening. In the recent time people started to realize Bullying in the Workplace has been happening for years and years. Anti-Bullying associations existed in the United States as early as the 1990’s which shows us as researchers that there are many workers has been bullied for a long time. According toConstance Dierickx, Ph.D, Workplace bullying is defined as the repeated unethical and unfavorable treatment of one person by another in the workplace. This includes behavior designed to belittle others via humiliation, sarcasm, and rudeness, overworking an employee, threats, and violence. Who is in a leadership position supposed to know and be able to differentiate between bullying, harassment and assault? Harassment and Assault are recognized and resulted from several fairly serious incidents. In many workplaces worker get bullied; in long term jobs, by managers, co-workers or subordinates or even by a client where a good leader should stand on for their workers and not grant the right f or the customer to disrespect the workers. As the research goes, we find even in short term jobs such as the performing arts or construction, where the supervisor has complete power over workers, in both long and short terms jobs workers have been found guilty of either bullying, harassment, discrimination, or assault. We can all agree that it exists in our lives before getting to the workplace, in fact in all starts when we were young and best to remember and prove it, let’s remember our high-schools where we either have been bullying or have been bullied, I actually have been bulled in secondary school and I got a punch in the face and lost a teeth, what was funny is that I still know that person’s friend where he told my friends he is embarrassed to see me after these years, but I am still happy as long as he felt bad and did not keep being argent to admit he was wrong. One of the main reasons that make a person to bully others is to cover their on weak side, in other words a bully would think being mean, disrespectful, or even discriminate with no morals nor mercy would in the workplace or e ven outside. Moreover; a leader should also realize that another important incentive for a worker to bully others is to avoid accepting responsibility for their behaviour andconsequences. Supremacy alters people. We all know the leaders who have come to consider their personal promotion departments. We have observed that leaders were always like that, deep down, or whether triumph has ruined them. Then, we may think why few persons emerge to be corrupted by authority and others remained fine , or what the corrupted women are doing whereas their male corresponding are investigative the staff, concreting their driveways on the firm’s credit card, or handing over profitable work agreements to their acquaintances. According to Professor Serena Chen and her colleagues.people who commence as selfless will carrying on to be so when they attain power, while self-centred people will persistent to be uncooperative and selfish when gained power, Successful people grasp others to a superior criterion. They are more probable to deceive and were less broad-minded to others violating the same rules. According to an Economist article about the work of Joris Lammers at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, and Adam Galinsky at Northwestern University, in Illinois.According to Dr Jamie Ward, reader in psychology at the University of Sussex. They shatter rules and regulations not only because they can get away with it, but also because they believe at some instinctive level that they are free to get what they desire. This intellect of power is vital to understand why people behave badly in high office, It is greatly easier to mount over people and not taking care of their needs if you can’t recognize with them. At times subordinates can be somewhat responsible for their leaders’ bad conduct, said by Leadership consultant from The Leadership Circle Asia Pacific, Rebekah O’Rourke, and frequently people relinquish their own responsibilities to a higher person, expecting them to have all the replies. Furthermore she said, a few people turn out to be very inactive. The â€Å"subordinates† need to discover ways to provide their leader advice about how they are undertaking. This is, in spirit, supervision . The leader of a company – also needs to begin coaching. They also need to separate their feelings about the leader’s personality from the role. The leader may be a nice person, but if they are behaving inappropriately, someone needs to tell them. In a nut shell, I would like to say for any form or size of industry, successful leadership gives many settlements and will help the organisation to attain success and steadiness. In the deficiency of effective leadership, firms often rise gradually and may misplace their  track and competitiveness. Good quality business leadership can assist a team stay determined during a time of emergency, repeating the team members of their successes and give confidence to them to set short term, attainable goals. A broad and attractive relationship between a leader and their employees shows that they are appreciated as an essential part of the company, creating a feeling of ownership among teammates and beginning a closer position between individual and team objectives. Support of people to explicitly add and talk about new ideas in an optimistic environment, make utilization of their different experience and facts to develop a business. The promise and passion of a business leader forms the general purposes of the company and gives motivation and enthusiasm for people to do at a high level. A planned approach is able to make a plan of action that will most efficiently gather the organisational objectives. A comprehensive planning procedure also gives the chances for people to recognize, add to, appreciate and attain well defined goals. Setting a clear vision and talk to employees efficiently gives workers with an understanding of the organisational trend and permits them to noticeably appreciate their duties and responsibilities. Effective leadership is a vital obligation so as to attain organisational objectives. To do this, leaders should be able to grant inspiration, inspiration and clear route to their team. Leadership growth is very important because organizations hire the character of their leaders. Leadership tuition and expansion can take advantage of output, shape an optimistic culture and promote synchronization. To attain this, key people must direct individuals and teams using a suitable leadership style.

Tom Sawyer vs Huck Finn Essay -- The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Even though Tom Sawyer might be â€Å"civilized† and a socially accepted boy, Huck is a better person because he knows that slavery is wrong and he is more rational and reasonable. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain shows this many different situations in which the uncivilized person, Huck, is actually the civilized person, and also is more of a realistic and reasonable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One example of how Huck is more of a realistic person is when they form a gang and are going to rob a large caravan that is supposed pass by; when in reality they were going to rob a Sunday school. They are at a cave in St. Petersburg, Missouri. This took place by a cave after Huck leaves the Widow’s home to meet up with Tom. This supports the thesis because tom is so much of a dreamer and wants to do everything that he reads. So it shows Tom’s childish side because he wants to go on adventures and he wants to be like his â€Å"heroes† in a way because he wants to do these things. Huck says that, â€Å"One time Tom sent a boy to run about town with a blazing stick, which he called a slogan (which was the sign for the gang to get together), and then he said he had got secret news by his spies that next day a whole parcel of Spanish merchants and rich A-rabs was going to camp in Cave Hollow with two hundred elephants and six hundred camels, and over a thousand ‘Sumter’ mules, all loaded down with di’monds and they didn’t have only a guard of four hundred soldiers, and so we would lay ambuscade, as ...

Taekwondo :: essays research papers

Do you know what Taekwondo is? Do you know how Taekwondo benefits the practitioner? Do you know Taekwondo is also considered a sport and is an event in many major competitions? When these questions are asked, the majority of the people who answer do not know the correct answers or the complete answer. Although many people do not know much about Taekwondo, there are hundreds of thousands of people worldwide getting involved. Taekwondo is the world's fastest growing martial art, with currently over fifty million practitioners and growing everyday. The majority of the practitioners who get involved do so to learn self-defense. Not only do the practitioners learn self-defense, but they also learn many helpful things and receive the benefits that Taekwondo has to offer. Also, Taekwondo has become a sporting event in many major sporting competitions. But mainly, Taekwondo provides people with sporting and self-defending ability and gives that person an edge in daily life, with its merits a s a martial art sport of self-discipline.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, Taekwondo teaches the practitioner self-defense, which can be used for a lifetime. Many of the self-defense techniques taught stimulate many real life situations so the person would know what to do when caught in a similar situation. Also, because not everything can be taught for all situations that arise, many basic techniques, rules, methods, and concepts are taught and emphasized. On the other hand, self-defense practice includes doing everyday drills, forms, and sparring. Self-defense training does not always have to be 100 percent self-defense training. Although, you really do not get instruction on self-defense when doing drills, forms, or sparring, those practices are just another way of learning self-defense and improving your skill of self-defense. Basically, all the instruction concepts, techniques, and rules of Taekwondo teach a person self defense in one way or another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second of all, Taekwondo is classified as a sport along as being a martial art. Because Taekwondo is classified as a sport, Taekwondo is sometimes referred to as a martial art sport. There are many reasons why Taekwondo has become a sport. A few reasons are because the popularity that Taekwondo has received is overwhelming, the organized athletic competition (similar to boxing), and the push to consider Taekwondo as a sporting event by many practitioners, masters, instructors, and officials of organizations worldwide. Many athletic competitions are starting to or already have included Taekwondo as an official event.

A Streetcar Named Desire: Visual, Aural and Spatial :: English Literature

Streetcar Named Desire: Visual, Aural and Spatial The sound for ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ is effective but this could be built upon to improve it and create a more intense atmosphere. The stage directions do state when sound should be used, they usually state the piece of music and the way in which it should be played, for example â€Å"Blue piano and the hot trumpet sound louder†. I think that if an amalgamation of types of music such as; instrumental music, recorded sounds and vocal pieces. This would provide a range of sounds and would be more interesting for the audience. More sound could be used to reflect the action taking place in the play, an example being when, in Scene Ten, when Blanche is trying to get hold of Shep Huntleigh and is getting more and more distressed this would be an appropriate time for some fast paced music to enhance her panic. The space on the stage could have been used a lot more effectively. The actors could use the whole of the stage, split certain parts of it up to represent different rooms and scenes, also the changing of space to create dramatic effect. A good example of a use of this changing space is in Scene Ten before Blanche gets raped by Stanley, the scene could start with the space room sized and then as he becomes more dominating over her it shrinks to show how trapped she feels. The scenery in the play needs to be relevant to the era and surroundings of New Orleans, realistic enough so that the audience know where they are and are interesting but not so much that it takes the focus of the play away from the actors, the scenery should be life like, for example the flat, if it is flat like then the audience can relate with the characters and it can make it feel more real. The era of the play is also set by the costume that the actors wear to suggest the time and conditions that the characters live in, the costumes should also dictate the class of the people in the play as there are clear divides. For example Blanche would wear long frilly summer dresses to show that she is still living in the past and wears clothes that draw attention to herself and most importantly, make her look attractive. Blanche’s make up would be highlighted to show her vanity but also to give the appearance that she is younger than she is. The scenery would show to the audience exactly what it is that she

Critical Thinking and Some Thoughts: Scenario Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh

â€Å"What is the relation between critical thinking in education and good governance†? The participants of the workshop, just like I, seemed to be a bit puzzled and confused hearing the question from the facilitator, Dr. Alan Klien. I was attending a workshop on Critical Thinking last year in BRAC CDM at Savar. Around 35/40 secondary school teachers from different parts of Bangladesh were attending the workshop. It was quite a lively one and at the same time very interesting. The question of Dr. Klien did put us in a kind of perplexity for some time being. But at the end of the workshop, everybody could understand how important critical thinking is in respect to fulfilling the demand of the day. At the same time there was a bitter realization in me that we are not at all helping our cadets in this regard. Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? There are a variety of answers to that question, but most experts agree that it includes the ability for a person to use his/her intelligence, knowledge and skills to question and carefully explore situations to arrive at thoughtful conclusions based on evidence and reason. A critical thinker is able to get past biases and view situations from different perspectives to ultimately improve his/her understanding of the world. Critical thinking is not necessarily â€Å"critical† and negative. In fact, it would be more appropriate to term it as evaluative thinking instead of good thinking. The result of evaluation can range from positive to negative, from acceptance to rejection or anything in-between. In essence, critical thinking is a disciplined manner of thought that a person uses to assess the validity of something: a statement, news story, argument, research, etc Peter Facione, a Dean at Santa Clara University, has commented nicely about critical thinking and the ideal critical thinker: â€Å"We understand critical thinking to be purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based. Since this includes almost all types of logical reasoning,] CT is essential as a tool of inquiry. As such, CT is a liberating force in education and a powerful resource in one's personal and civic life. While not synonymous with good thinking, CT is a pervasive and self-rectifying human phenomenon. The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit. Thus, educating good critical thinkers means working toward this ideal. It combines developing CT skills with nurturing those dispositions which consistently yield useful insights and which are the basis of a rational and democratic society. † Critical thinking is not a recent idea. In fact, it dates back to the days of Socrates, the great master. Around 2500 years ago, Socrates established the importance of asking deep questions that probe profoundly into thinking before we accept ideas as worthy of belief. He established the importance of seeking evidence, closely examining reasoning and assumptions, analyzing basic concepts, and tracing out implications not only of what is said but of what is done as well. His method of questioning is now known as â€Å"Socratic Questioning† and is the best known critical thinking teaching strategy. Socrates’ practice was followed by the critical thinking of Plato, Aristotle, and many other Greek scholars. In the Renaissance (15th and 16th Centuries), a good number of scholars in Europe began to think critically about religion, art, society, human nature, law, and freedom. Descartes’ Rules for the Direction of the Mind and Sir Thomas Moore’s Utopia, showed that every domain of the present world was subject to critique. In the Italian Renaissance, Machiavelli’s The Prince critically assessed the politics of the day, and laid the foundation for modern critical political thought. Thus critical thinking has always been given importance for intellectual development. Critical Thinking in education Critical thinking is considered important in the academic fields because it nables one to analyze, evaluate, explain, and restructure their thinking, thereby decreasing the risk of adopting, acting on, or thinking with, a false belief. John Dewey, one of the famous educational leaders, recognized that a curriculum aimed at building thinking skills would be a benefit not only to the individual learner, but to the community and to the entire democracy. Dewey emphasized the significance of critical thinking in learning. There are two meanings to t he learning. The first occurs when learners (for the first time) construct in their minds the basic ideas, principles, and theories that are inherent in content. The second occurs when learners effectively use those ideas, principles, and theories as they become relevant in learners' lives. This is a process of application. Good teachers cultivate critical thinking (intellectually engaged thinking) at every stage of learning, including initial learning. The key is that the teacher who fosters critical thinking fosters reflectiveness in students by asking questions that stimulate thinking essential to the construction of knowledge. Critical thinking skills give students the ability to not only understand what they have read or been shown but also to build upon that knowledge without incremental guidance. It is not simply rote memorization or the ability to absorb lessons unquestioningly. When rote memorization takes precedence over problem solving, logic, and reason, students suffer. There was a time when educators believed that content knowledge was enough for students to succeed. For the most part the information that students learned in school was the same information that their parents learned. Today, however, all of that is changing. The increasing power of technology has created a world where information changes quickly, and new ideas can be distributed and adapted almost instantaneously. It has been seen in a survey that what a student learns in the first year of his graduation course, becomes outdated in the third year. That shows how important it is today that students learn critical thinking skills, so they can be both the inventors and the critics of the new information. Teaching students to think critically is incredibly rewarding for the teachers also because what he/she provides to students is the opportunity for them to understand and take charge of their learning and their lives. Helping students develop critical thinking skills will also have an impact on the classroom. Students will approach the material in a more thoughtful and effective manner, they will ask more and better questions and will participate in the learning process. Students will also develop the skills necessary to evaluate the resources that they consult for research purposes. The benefits to students are innumerable. Developing critical thinking can change a student's life. Students will develop higher order thinking abilities necessary for academic and job success. But more importantly, students will expand the perspectives from which they view the world. Critical thinking skills will help them navigate the important decisions in learning and in life. The Critical Thinking Community says, â€Å"Critical thinking is the art of taking charge of your own mind. Its value is simple: if we can take charge of our own minds, we can take charge of our lives. How to integrate Critical thinking in the process of education Once we acknowledge that critical thinking is an important skill, the question comes can we teach it? The answer is, undoubtedly â€Å"yes†. Thinking can be taught and furthermore that it must be taught in a directed manner providing students with practice evaluating ideas. As teachers, we can very well influence whether a student will lea rn critical thinking skills in our classes. Teaching critical thinking is nothing but helping students discover the answers by themselves. Critical thinking can occur whenever one judges, decides, or solves a problem; in general, whenever one must figure out what to believe or what to do, and do so in a reasonable and reflective way. Reading, writing, speaking, and listening can all be done critically or uncritically. It is a way of taking up the problems of life. When anyone improves his/her critical thinking skills, it helps to increase problem solving-skills and deep-thinking elements. All of these skills relate to one part of the brain, and the more one use them the easier it will be to apply them. The list of core critical thinking skills includes observation, interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and meta-cognition. Irrespective of the context or discipline â€Å"a well-cultivated critical thinker†: †¢raises important questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely †¢gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively †¢comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards †¢thinks open-mindedly within alternative ystems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences †¢communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems, without being unduly influenced by others' thinking on the topic. Critical thinking is an important element of all professional fields and academic disciplines. The concepts and principles of critical thinkin g can be applied to any context or case but only by reflecting upon the nature of that application. Thus there may be critical thinking such as anthropological thinking, sociological thinking, historical thinking, political thinking, psychological thinking, philosophical thinking, mathematical thinking, chemical thinking, biological thinking, ecological thinking, legal thinking, ethical thinking, musical thinking, thinking like a painter, sculptor, engineer, business person, etc. In other words, though critical thinking principles are universal, their application to disciplines can be contextualized. A teacher of any subject who insists on accuracy and a rational control of all processes and methods, and who holds everything open to unlimited verification and revision, is cultivating that method as a habit in the pupils. The art of Socratic questioning is intimately connected with critical thinking because the art of questioning is important to excellence of thought. What the word â€Å"Socratic† adds to the art of questioning is systematic way, depth, and an abiding interest in assessing the truth or plausibility of things. Both critical thinking and Socratic questioning share a common end. Critical thinking provides the conceptual tools for understanding how the mind functions in its pursuit of meaning and truth; Socratic questioning employs those tools in framing questions essential to the pursuit of meaning and truth. The goal of critical thinking is to establish an additional level of thinking to our thinking, a powerful inner voice of reason, that monitors, assesses, and reconstitutes—in a more rational direction—our thinking, feeling, and action. Integrating Socratic questions in the following manner in the classroom help develop active, independent learners. 1) Getting students to clarify their thinking e. g. , ‘Why do you say that? ’, ‘Could you explain further? 2) Challenging students about assumptions e. g. , ‘Is this always the case? ’, ‘Why do you think that this assumption holds here? ’3) Evidence as a basis for argument e. g. , ‘Why do you say that? ’, ‘Is there reason to doubt this evidence? ’4) Alternative viewpoints and perspectives e. . , ‘What is the counter argument for? ’, ‘Can/did anyone see this another way? ’5) Implications and consequences e. g. , ‘But if what happened, what else would result? ’, ‘How does†¦.. affect†¦? ’ 6) Question the question e. g. , ‘Why do you think that I asked that question? ’, ‘Why was that question important? ’, ‘Which of your questions turned out to be the most useful? ’ A set of activities associated with improvement in higher order thinking skills can be emphasized during classroom teaching: analyzing the basic elements of an idea, experience, or theory, such as examining a particular case or situation †¢ working on papers or projects that required integrating ideas or information from various sources †¢ putting together ideas or concepts from different courses when completing assignments or during class discussion †¢ synthesizing and organizing ideas, information, or experiences into new, more complex interpretations and relationships †¢ making judgments about the value of information, arguments or methods, such as examining how others gathered and interpreted data, and assessing the soundness of their conclusions †¢ examining the strengths and weaknesses of one’s own views on a topic or issue Critical Thinking and the education system in Bangladesh Education should enable a human being to attain the greatest possible harmony, internal and external, spiritual and material, for the fullest possible development of human potentialities and capacities. It is generally felt that our educational system has not followed the desired aims as a result that it does not produce ideal citizens in the country. It has followed, rather a narrow aim of preparing individuals for livelihood. If we want our students to effectively deal with the tremendous challenges of the 21 century, we must begin teaching students to discipline their own thinking. Teachers must move beyond rote and merely active engagement, and work toward transforming how students reason through complex issues, to look beyond easy answers. We must teach students that the only way to learn a subject or discipline is to learn to think within the logic of it, to focus on its purposes, questions, information, to think within its concepts and assumptions. We need to make them understand how can we hope to thoughtfully address the economic issues, conflicts, world poverty, and many other pressing concerns that trouble our planet, if we don't think seriously? We can't. To effectively deal with these issues, we must cultivate the spirit of critical thinking throughout human societies. The quality of our life and all of the decisions we make depend on the quality of thought and undoubtedly it can improve the condition of the country, too. For students to learn content, intellectual engagement is crucial. All students must do their own thinking, their own construction of knowledge. Good teachers recognize this and therefore focus on the questions, readings, activities that stimulate the mind to take ownership of key concepts and principles underlying the subject. Teaching critical thinking, especially, in the perspective of our country, can be challenging. Here students have so far, got very little chance to do things by themselves. As a result they have grown a tendency to depend on the teacher and rarely give any time for thinking. They become used to rote memorization. Finally when the students go for higher education or later in job and start facing challenges, they feel helpless. Considering the prevailing examination system, it appears to be very difficult to make students practice on critical thinking, but not impossible at all. We have to grow a habit as well as interest in the students for critical thinking. Otherwise how do educators instill in students a desire to think? For logically if there is no desire to think, it becomes much more challenging to improve the critical thinking in students. Recently creative type question method has been introduced in the country. Trainings are taking place. What I have heard so far is that there is almost no directive in those training sessions to prepare the students for this new system. It seems to be ridiculous. When a new system is introduced, the students must be given clear ideas because they are the guinea pigs in any new system in Bangladesh. They must know how to write these new set of questions properly. But without making the students involved in the thinking process and only training teachers to set up creative type question paper is not enough. We have to prepare our students in such a manner so that they can utilize their thinking power in all levels. Again, already there have been lot many guide books on creative type questions that have been published and not only the students but also the teachers are taking help from them. So what is the result? Though it is creative system, the students are memorizing answers and following the same traditional method. In many developed countries, Critical Thinking is taught as a different course. As it is not possible in our country right now, we can slowly change our teaching style, or better to say, add some components of critical thinking in our teaching. The teachers can infuse some questions with the regular teaching that may help cadets to think critically. Once they become used to it, they will start evaluative thinking and can get deeper into context. Besides, this habit will help him to judge situations and take the right decision without depending on others or acting impulsively. Now the question is, how much important it is in the perspective of cadet colleges and how can it be implemented. In cadet colleges we say that we are creating leaders, that we are producing all rounder. But I think it is high time we need to think about what we actually are doing. It is true that many cadets are showing good performances after passing out from Cadet College. But what is the percentage? Is it satisfactory compared to the past? Challenges have increased in the 21 century. Are we really making our cadets competent enough to face challenges for the 21 century? It is important that we need to prepare our cadets to use logic and thus become good citizens. We need to make the cadets aware of the true aim of education, think independently and get prepared to face the challenges ahead. The true aim of education is not only to pass the exam, rather to make people capable of facing challenges, to cultivate creative intelligence required for adaptation to changes in the social environment i. e. ‘adaptability'. In many countries the teachers are talking about encouraging students for critical thinking. But in our country we are still dependent on lecture method. There is almost no participation of students. I personally believe that there is a strong relation between critical thinking and student centered teaching. Unless you give your students the scope to talk, to xpress their mind and you remain active all the time keeping your students passive, you can never teach them how to think for themselves, let alone think critically. The students will totally depend on the rote memorization and suffer in the long run, blaming the teachers o r the education system later that they were not given any chance to cope up with or face challenging situations. It is true that our education system is also to be blamed for this. But in cadet colleges where we claim to be the makers of leaders, we must bring a change in our approach of teaching that can bring a different dimension and differentiate the cadet colleges from other institutions. If we don’t do this, cadet colleges will remain as simple as educational institutions with some extra and co curricular activities.

Administrative Management Critical Analysis

Adam Bartoshesky November 17, 2012 MAN 3025 Writing Assignment #4 Critical Analysis The University of North Florida’s Academic Integrity Code gives students and faculty members in-depth descriptions of what exactly the code is, the ways in which the code can be broken, and the actions and consequences which result from breaking it. The code’s purpose is, â€Å"to protect the integrity of the teaching and learning process† (â€Å"Academic integrity code,†). This document lacks a persuasive tone and thus is essentially free from any biases.It uses strong language and concision in order to outline what students and faculty members should do in an instance of academic dishonesty. The code’s unbiased nature and clarity combine to make it a reliable document that can be referred to by both UNF students and faculty members in order to maintain foster learning. UNF’s Academic Integrity Code’s strengths are its detail and clarity, its openness, and its good intentions. It is impossible for the document to better explain the overall process of cheating, how it is handled, and the appeal process.Another strong point of the code is that it gives the student’s teacher freedom in how they want to handle the situation. There are five different forms of apprehension listed in the code that the teacher can choose from which range in seriousness. The teacher can do anything from lower the student’s grade for the single exercise they broke the academic code on, to giving the student an unforgivable ‘F’ for the course. It is evident that a third strength of the document is that its sole purpose is to create a better teaching and learning environment.UNF has not established this code in order to reprimand students, but rather to enhance their education by clearly stating what they should avoid while enrolled at UNF. Although the Academic Integrity Code has many strengths, it also has weakness. The main weak ness that I located in the code is that the overall process of reprimanding and appealing academic dishonesty can be time consuming. There are numerous steps that each have an allotted amount of days to be completed. Also read: Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative ManagementThese steps include the student appealing the teacher’s initial actions, and then waiting for a new faculty member to review it and come to a new conclusion; in which case the student can appeal it once more. This process can continue up the UNF administration hierarchy until the case finally reaches the UNF President. The president has the final say in the matter. If each step is taken and the maximum amount of days to complete each step is used, the case can be under review for 205 days. That is an absurd amount of time to decide the outcome of a student’s academic misconduct.By the time it is settled, the student could have already finished one semester and been well on his or her way to completing another. At this point, I think it is unfair to give the student a consequence like being expelled from the school because they have already dedicated much of their time to another semester’s course load. After examining and evaluating The University of North Florida’s Academic Integrity Code, I have concluded that its strengths far outweigh its weaknesses. I could only find one weakness in the document whereas I was able to locate many strengths.Also, after further review, even though the process of appealing can take up to 205 days; it is unlikely that this will occur. I concur that this code is a very effective source without any significant biases, and should be referred to frequently by all UNF students and faculty members in order to maintain an effective learning environment. Works Cited Education, (n. d. ). Academic integrity code and academic misconduct policies. Retrieved from The University of North Florida website: http://www. unf. edu/uploadedFiles/aa/enrollment/onestop/registrar/MisconductPolicy. pdf

Immigration to the United States and Dream Act

Immigration Immigration policies and immigrants was a major issue in the American Society. The Immigration Act of 1990 raised the amount of immigrants that were allowed in the United States. Each year the number of immigrants that come to the United States were known to be very skillful and talented workers. They could have improved the American Society. Immigrants often traveled with their families. Many of the Immigrants that came to the United States came for a better life and to have more opportunities.The Immigration Act of 1990 also allowed no limit on the amount of visas that a family could have. Because of this 71 percent of immigration visas were going to residents. A law was also formed on how immigrants could get deported. The amout of deportations also increased as the years went on. People were concerned that the laws being passed gave immigration to much power. They get o make to much decisions. In 2012, the DREAM Act was created. It was created based upon immigrants, e ducators, and business leaders.Many people were against the DREAM Act, many people were for it, and their were those who were between it. The DREAM Act was able legalize the undocumented minors that entered the country. The meaning of the DREAM Act is Development Relief and Education of Alien Minors. Their are several requirements that the DREAM Act has in order for a person to eligible for it. To be eligible for the DREAM Act a person must have been 15 years of age or younger when they entered the country. Proof must being given to show that they have been in the country for at least 5 years.Some form of education either a GED or a high school diploma must be shown. They must also be under the age of 30. All of this information can be shown in Document 1. Not many states allow undocumented immigrants to enter the country and receive an education, but New York is one of the few states that allow immigrants to receive an education. I am in favor of the DREAM Act because it has many o pen opportunities for undocumented immigrants. The main goal of the DREAM Act is to makesure that undocumented immigrants can vote, be sucessful, and be apart of the Union.The DREAM Act supports immigrants and wants them to make it somewhere in life and be able to adapt to the American culture. Immigration Policies and Immigrant Policies are discussed in Document 4. Document 4 is stating that the U. S immigration policy wants to keep the United States as a union, which means making undocumented immigrants apart of the United States. Document 4 also shows that the United States also wants to have different cultural mixes involving a variety of different people from different places.Having morals and values are important to immigrants and also the people who are apart of the United States. The current policy for undocumented immigrants is that they still have to go through an interrogation and other processes. Another goal of the DREAM Act is to make sure that everyone is covered with health insurance. As immigrants entered the country, it was possible for them to bring different diseases with them. In 2009, immigrants had more health insurance than the native-borns. About 87. 6 percent of the United States population had health insurance, and the other 14. 1% didn’t.Compared to immigrants the native-borns were no where near having that many people on health insurance, as shown in Document 12. As the years continued, the percentages of immigrants coming to America increased. Most of the undocumented immigrants settled more in the west. The foreign born population was taking over. This is shown in document 9a. Immigrants also took jobs from the Americans because they were more hard-working. Majority of the countries that immigrants came from involved hard labor, so they already knew what it was like to work. Eventually immigrants began to pay taxes.The immigrants who were paying taxes were the ones who were head of their households. Document 9b shows ten d ifferent states that had immigrants paying taxes. The immigrants who were paying taxes were the ones who were the head of their households. Document 9b shows ten different states that had immigrants who were paying taxes. California had the highest amount of taxes being paid. While Washington and North Carolina had the lowest. Georgia, New Jersey, and Arizona are all at the same amount when it comes down to the taxes that are paid by undocumented immigrants who are the head of their households.Undocumented immigrants continue to come to the United states. The number of immigrants who are entering the country continues to increase. Immigrants are settling in the other states also. The DREAM Act applies to and affects immigrants who are entering the United States without any full understanding of how they are going to survive. Since the DREAM Act has been passed for mainly minor immigrants, it affects their level of learning. The DREAM Act requires having some learning experience and stable proof to show that. But depending on what country a inor is coming from the learning curriculum in the United States would be different from how it was to them in their home country. The DREAM Act also says that parents should start teaching their children from home so that when it’s time for them to attend public school they aren’t far behind, and maybe they will be able to pick up quickly. Overall, I still believe that the DREAM Act should be passed, but not in full because it does have a positive impact on our society and it also takes away some of the power that immigration has.

Four external forces that affect an Organization Essay

Terms of reference: This report was commissioned by the lecture of Management and Organisation Behaviour as individual assessment on four external forces that can currently affect Organisation for these modules within the Bachelor of Business Degree in Management. Introduction: In this assignment I will present a brief literature review of the main four external forces that can currently affect an organization (a business). First I will introduce global economical powers that influence the four external forces after that I will then introduce the four forces in more detail. Global perspective As the world is emerging from the waters of deep economical crisis I think the best to start with are global influences that affect the main four forces. Each organization is directly strongly influenced by general laws of economics: Economic growth – is influenced by various factors such as development on stock markets, which is strongly influenced by political activities around the world, prices of raw materials (metals, oil etc.) but also prices of energy and future of the economical development in general. Inflation – increases cost of operations and price of products and reduces employment. Interest rates – as many businesses operate with money borrowed from banks changing interest rates influence directly interest expense, which influences the cost of operations and the cost of product PEST Macro analysis Each local business is based in a certain environment that directly influences its performance. The environment a company exists in has a strong impact on every aspect of the company`s life. The following main four macro-economical external influences are interdependent. Political atmosphere – each country has a specific political atmosphere, political culture. For instance countries of the EU would have very different atmosphere to North Korea. Local political decisions shape the countries economical perspective and enable or disable, speed up or slow down the development of local businesses. Political decisions directly influence law of the country (region) and some of them such as economic reforms make strong and long-lasting impact on local businesses. Even political decisions such as annual budget or introduction of income levy  have profound impact on business performance. However this would be more applicable in Adam Smyth`s times. Currently we can still apply this influence of local politics on small or local businesses but the late seventies and eighties of the 20th century, started especially in the Euro-American civilization process of progressive economic liberalization that resulted in supra-national corporations that we know today. Many of these corporations are wealthier then countries they operate in and often dictate what the local political milieu will be. This route would eventually lead us to the question of monopolization and to the question of economic and political interests and their balance. Ultimately it is both international and local law that that create balance between these two areas.1 Great example of politics and law (even if enforced by the international public rather than by local corrupted politicians) impacting on businesses is from India, where supra-national companies producing clothing completely ignored health and safety regulations in order to produce more and cheaper. Unfortunately this lack of political ethic and responsibility resulted in tragedies and loss of many lives. Social environment – main characteristics of social environment are social norms and cultural and even religious preferences. Max Weber sees the protestant idea of hard work as a result of original sin as the inspiration for development of hard-work and profit focused capitalism. 2 This idea of hard-work and profit focused capitalism combined in Europe and in the North of America with culturally well established system of banks borrowing finance for interest resulted in today`s macro economical models. Euro-American banking system is historically based in certain interpretation of oral Torah called Mishna that allows borrowing money for interest in return. It was in historical Europe traditionally â€Å"allowed† only to the Jewish nation as a form of discrimination and punishment. So the development of economy is we know it today would be very unlikely in many parts of the world simply for cultural and religious reasons as in some countries would be money coming from interest prohibited.3 Demographic profile of social environment is crucial for any business existing within that particular society. Gender, age, ethnicity, language, education, public opinion and norms influence every aspect of business. Gender norms define approach of  society towards male / female work.4 In many societies is female work traditionally under-rated therefore from the perspective of operations management it is cheaper for companies to employ women in certain positions. Education of population leads us into the next factor that affects business†¦ Technological development – is a result of the impact of education in the local social environment; technological changes always initiated further development. The invention of wheel accelerated speed of movement of our ancestors, the invention of metals improved their farming instruments as well as weapons but here we are not talking about the long time gone past. Today we live in exciting times of technological changes, which are changing the face of businesses on daily basis. Internet and electronic communication speeded up every aspect of business from operations, logistics to client services. Even the smallest local newsagent or grocery shop must keep up with the development of recent technologies. 20 years ago it would be absolutely unthinkable to top up phone credit while paying for grocery in a local shop. In fact there was no topping up credit at all today. Today we would find it rather odd if our local newsagent (if we still buy newspapers) would not have a top up terminal. Purchasing a flight used to be in general one to one experience; we used to go to travel-agents or flight-companies directly and purchased flights. Today we find normal to use the internet at home even to check in before our flight. A flight company that would not offer internet service to purchase a flight would not survive today. But all this technological progress would not be possible without investments, without wealth. Economical environment – wealth as a source of investment was based in times of Adam Smyth and his An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in productive powers of Labour, in accumulation and employment of stock, in progress of opulence in different nations (which is the distribution of wealth between cities and countryside) and in a system of political economy. 5 Today is material wealth accumulated not so much in nations but more so in supra-national companies. Still effective investment is the fuel of business development. Economical environment and wealth  depends as we already mentioned on macro-economic factors of global economic growth, inflation and interest rates that directly influence local currency inflation and interest rates increase or decrease. Global economy fluctuates from booms to slumps. Most businesses gain in booms and loose in slumps. Bibliography: Swedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 158-159 Weber, M. (1920). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Berlin: Klaus Lichtblau and Johannes Weiss Waterman A.M.C. (1999). Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory; Boston 1999: Unwin Hyman, London & Boston, 1930 Dean, M., Waterman, A. (1999). Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Swedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 283-284. Smith A. (1776). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, London: Adman Black and William Tait

Short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Short - Essay Example Of course students need to know these subjects, if for no other reason than it makes them a well-rounded thinker. However, a better case can be made that teaching them a different language is even more important to their cognitive capacity and their ability to find employment in today’s global economy. Enrollment in foreign language studies today is at its highest level since 1968. Parents and students are realizing the importance of communicating with both allies and adversaries, to interact with them on their terms, not just our own. People in foreign countries appreciate being spoken to in their naà ¯ve language, at least an attempt to and resent the arrogance of some Americans who expect them to speak English. More than half of Europeans speak at least two languages fluently but less than 20 percent of Americans. Until just recently, enrollment in foreign languages classes had been dropping dramatically in public schools reaching a low point in 2008 when only 25 percent of students were taking a foreign language class, only 15 percent of students in rural areas. Only about half of colleges require foreign language credits to graduate, down from two-thirds just a decade previous. This foreign language discrepancy should be concerning. The U.S. needs diplomats, entrepreneurs, b usiness leaders, physicians, technicians, intelligence and military officials, politicians, historians, scientists, artists, managers and writers who can effectively communicate in other languages. Foreign policy experts, vital to the nation’s security, will always be needed and must be able to speak in a variety of languages particularly Farsi (Iran), Mandarin (China) and Arabic, Russian, Bengali (India) among others in emerging economic and military nations. The National Defense Education Act was passed during the height of the Cold war following the launch of Sputnik, the world’s first satellite, by the Russians in 1957. The Act provided federal funds to public schools

Richard Smallwood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Richard Smallwood - Research Paper Example Smallwood started his career as a musician in 1982. Young artist gained popularity very quickly. Already at the beginning of 1980’s Smallwood became one of the most famous and successful gospel musicians. His first project was called The Richard Smallwood Singers. This first album had a success and the next, called Psalms, was even nominated for a Grammy. â€Å"I wanted to write a complete project with songs that dealt with the promises found in His Word so that I could encourage and remind us that God is still in control. Soon after, I began dreaming songs. I have dreamed a few songs before, but I can count the times on one hand that I remembered what I had dreamed after I had awaken. But this time, not only could I remember what I had dreamed but sometimes more than one song would come at the same time and I could barely keep up with them. I knew that God was saying something that we all needed to hear† (Smallwood). The next album was called Textures. It also had a great success and nominated and won. Many famous musicians were interested in his music and recorded it, Yolanda Adams, Karen Clark-Sheard, Destiny's Child are among them. Swallowed accompanied many great singers such as Leontyne Price. The current group of Richard Smallwood is called Vision, he created many great projects with it. After finishing his Master’s degree in 2004, the musician was invited to the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Richard Smallwood’s life concert was recorded at the Manhattan Center in New York† (Ladywoo Ministry of Music").